Amines Flashcards
Why is primary aliphatic amine a bronsted-lowry base?
lone pair in nitrogen is readily available for forming a dative covalent bond with H+ so accepts proton
Why are secondary amine stronger base than primary?
There are more alkyl ground surrounding the nitrogen. Therefore more electron density is pushed on the nitrogen (the inductive effect greater on alkyl than H atoms). Therefore easier to accept proton.
Why are tertiary not strongest base?
Tertiary amine and quaternary salt is less soluble in water. This makes them less strong base than secondary.
Why are tertiary not strongest base?
Tertiary amine and quaternary salt is less soluble in water. This makes them less strong base than secondary.
Why are aromatic amine weakest base?
The lone pair on nitrogen gets delocalised with the ring. This means that nitrogen less able to accept proton.
How to convert back to amine from ammonium salt?
Add NaOH
What kind of ammonia used to only produce primary amine
excess ammonia
How to promote quaternary salt?
excess haloalkane
uses of quaternary salt
cationic surfactants ( hair conditioners)
What is the first step from nitrile to amine
- Make nitrile: Add KCN (heat under reflux)
What is the second step from nitrile to amine
- Nitrile to amine: use by reducing H2 and Nickel catalyst
What is the disadvantage of nitrile to amine?
Lower yield and KCN is toxic
How to reduce nitroarene to aromatic amine (reagent and condition)
Reagent: Sn and HCl
Condition: Heating
