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Spinal Final > Transition Zones > Flashcards

Transition Zones Flashcards

1
Q

what is/are the characteristic(s) of occipitalization of C1

A

atlas may be partially or completely fused to the occiput

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2
Q

what is another way of implying occipitalization of C1

A

atlas assimilation

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3
Q

incidence of occipitalization of C1

A

0.1%-0.8%

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4
Q

when do the centers of ossification for the odontoid process first appear

A

during the last trimester in utero

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5
Q

the transitional zones of the vertebral column

A

occipitocervical, cervicothoracic, thoracolumbar, lumbosacral, and sacrococcygeal zones

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6
Q

when do bilateral ossification centers for the odontoid process first appear

A

at or shortly after birth

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7
Q

joint that is formed between the odontoid process ossification centers and the centrum of C2

A

subdental synchondrosis

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8
Q

classification of the joint formed between the C2 odontoid process and centrum

A

amphiarthrosis synchondrosis

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9
Q

ossification between the odontoid process and centrum joint of C2 first appears at what age

A

4 yo

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10
Q

joint between the odontoid process and centrum of C2 is last identified at what age

A

7 yo

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11
Q

name given to the CONDITION in which the joint formed between the odontoid process and centrum of C2 persists beyond 7yo

A

os odontoideum

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12
Q

name given to the JOINT between the odontoid process and centrum of C2 which is still evident beyond age 7

A

persistent subdental synchondrosis

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13
Q

name given to the joint formed between the tip of the dens and the odontoid process centers of ossification

A

tip of the dens synchondrosis

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14
Q

classification of the joint formed between the tip of the dens and odontoid process centers of ossification

A

amphiarthrosis synchondrosis

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15
Q

age the ossification for the tip of the dens will appear

A

sometime in early adolescence

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16
Q

based on the age of appearance, how is the tip of the dens center of ossification classified

A

secondary center of ossification

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17
Q

the age the tip of the dens will fuse with the odontoid process

A

before age 12

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18
Q

what is the condition called if the joint formed between the tip of the dens and odontoid process centers of ossification persists beyond age 12

A

terminal ossicle

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19
Q

condition pertaining to a joint formed between the tip of the dens and odontoid process centers of ossification persisting beyond 12 yo

A

terminal ossicle

20
Q

what is a basilar impression

A

persistence of the nonunion of the basilar and condylar parts of the chondrocranium such that the cartilage deforms due to the weight of the brain

21
Q

what is a basilar invagination

A

upper cervical spine appears to be invaginated into the skull on x-ray analysis

22
Q

incidence of rib-related changes following dorsalization of C7

A

from .5% to 2.5% of the population

23
Q

do patients typically present with symptoms specific for dorsalization of C7

A

No, typically asymptomatic

24
Q

gener bias suggested for dorsalization of C7

A

Female (yeezus we get some shit, boss bitches be survivors though)

25
Q

alteration of C7 facet orientation that may accompany dorsalization

A

superior articular facet of C7 may change from BUM to BUL (typical thoracic orientation)
inferior articular facet is unchanged

26
Q

percent of population that may demonstrate thoracic-like features at C7

A

up to 46%

27
Q

T1 facet orientation changes that may accompany cervicalization

A

superior articular facet may change from BUL to BUM

inferior articular facet is unchanged

28
Q

incidence of cervicalization of T1 in the population

A

up to 28%

29
Q

incidence of lumbar ribs in the population

A

over 7% demonstrate lumbar ribs

30
Q

what L1 facet orientation changes may accompany dorsalization

A

superior articular facet may change from concave and BUM, to flat and BUL
inferior articular facet is unchanged

31
Q

gender bias associated with dorsalization of L1

A

males 2-3x more affected

32
Q

T12 facet orientation changes that may accompany lumbarization

A

superior articular facet may change form flat and BUL to concave and BUM
inferior articular facet is unchanged

33
Q

T11 facet orientation changes that accompany lumbarization

A

INFERIOR articular facet may change from flat and ForMeD to convex and FoLD
superior articular facet is unchanged

34
Q

what is the usual way of identifying the # of cervicals, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae during imaging studies

A

ID the vertebrae with ribs- they will be thoracic
those higher are cervicals
those lower are lumbars

35
Q

characteristic of lumbarization of S1

A

failure of synostosis between S1 and S2, squaring of the vertebral body of S1 and flaring of sacral ala

36
Q

what is failure of synostosis between S1 and S2

A

segments do not completely fuse together

37
Q

what is squaring of the vertebral body of S1

A

S1 vertebral body has similar anterior and posterior heights, hence a lack of wedging

38
Q

what is flaring of the sacral ala

A

transverse process of the ala appears to elevate as though separating from the rest of the ala

39
Q

characteristic of sacralization of L5

A

L5 may be partially or completely fused to the sacrum

40
Q

what is the incidence of sacralization of L5 in the population

A

41%-85%

41
Q

which segment demonstrates the greatest morphological variation along the spine

A

L5

42
Q

what articular facet changes accompany sacralization of L5

A

None

43
Q

What is the incidence of variation within the sacrococcygeal region in the population

A

up to 14%

44
Q

characteristic of sacralization of Co1

A

premature fusion of Co1 to the sacrum

45
Q

what is characteristic of coccygealiztion of S5

A

separation of S5 from sacrum and its’ premature fusion to Co1

Spinal Final (29 decks)

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