Transition metals and rates definitions Flashcards
activation energy
the MINIMUM ENERGY required by reactants for a collision to result in the formation of products
reaction rate equation
reaction rate = chnage in concentration of a substnace/ time taken
half-life
the half-life of a reactant is the time taken for its concentration to reduce by half.
half-life if the reaction is first order
if a reaction is first order, with respect to the reactant, then the half-life for that reactant is CONSTANT and INDEPENDANT OF THE CONCENTRATION.
half-life if the reaction is second order
half-lives increase with time
half-life if the reaction is zero order
half-life decrease with time
clock reaction
time taken to reach the same concentration in the early stage of a reaction for different starting concentrations allows the initial rate to be calculated.
rate determining step
the number of each chemical species reacting in the rate-determining step equals its order number in the rate equation.
eg its the lowest step and controls how fast the whole reaction proceeds
transition metal
a transitional element is a d-block element that forms an ion with an incomplete d-shell
Complex ion
A complex ion has a metal ion at its centre with a number of other molecules or ions surrounding it.
Ligand
a molecule with a lone pair of electrons, that forms a dative bond with the central metal ion (all ligands function as Lewis bases)
