Organic Synthesis Rules

Question 1

Phenols and carbonates

Answer 1

Unlike carboxylic acids, phenols do not react with carbonates.

Question 2

Nitriles and carbonyls

Answer 2

You can only add nitriles to carbonyl groups (aldehydes and ketones).

Question 3

Prefered esterification method

Answer 3

Phenyl to phenyl esters, since carboxylic acids do not readily react.

Question 4

Amine groups - acid and alkalis

Answer 4

Alkalis willl react with the COOH –> COO-, and acids will react with NH2 –> NH3+

Question 5

reactants associated with electrophilic addition reactions

Answer 5

HCL, Cl2, HBr, Br

Question 6

reactants associated with electrophilic substitution

Answer 6

NO2+, R+, RCO+, Cl+/Br+

Question 7

reactants associated with nucleophilic addition (reduction of carbonyl)

Answer 7

CN-, H- (NaBH4) -

Question 8

reactants associated with nucleophilic substitution

Answer 8

NH3, H20, OH-, CN-