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Chemistry Misc > Transition Metals > Flashcards

Transition Metals Flashcards

1
Q

Ratio of Fe2+ to MnO4 - in redox titration of acidified potassium manganate (VII)

A

5:1

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2
Q

Ratio of C2O4 2- to MnO4 - in analysis of C2O4 2-

A

2 and 1/2 : 1

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3
Q

What is autocatalysis and what is an example

A

A reaction where one of the products acts as a catalyst

Mn2+

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4
Q

Ionic equations for analysis of Fe2+

A

Fe2+ = Fe3+ + e-
S2O8 2- + 2e- = 2SO4 2-
2Fe 2+ + S2O8 = 2Fe 3+ +2SO42-

Fe3+ + e- = Fe2+
2I- = I2 + 2e-
2Fe2+ + 2I- = 2Fe2+ + I2

Cyclic
Initially reactants are both negative and repel
Purple- is decolourised

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5
Q

Contact process equations

A

V2O5 + SO2 = V2O4 + SO3
V2O4 + 1/2 O2 = V2O5

Overall: V2O4 + 1/2 O2 = V2O5

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6
Q

Iodine and peroxodisulfate reactions (half and full equations)

A

2I- + S2O8 2- = I2 +2SO4 2-
S2O8 2- + 2e- = 2SO4 2-
Fe 3+ + e- = Fe2+
I2 + 2e- = 2I-

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7
Q

Reaction between manganate (VII)
Ions and ethanedioate ions

Half equations

A

5Mn 2+ = 5Mn 3+ + 5e-
MnO4 - +8H+ +5e- = Mn2+ +4H2O
4Mn2+ +MnO4 - +8H+ = 5Mn3+ + 4H2O

5Mn+ + 5e- = 5Mn2+
C2O4 2- = 2CO2 + 2e-
2Mn2+ + C2O4 2- = 2Mn 2+ + 2CO2

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8
Q

What colour is Ti 2+

A

violet

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9
Q

what colour is Ti 3+

A

purple

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10
Q

What colour is V 2+

A

Violet

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11
Q

What colour is V 3+

A

green

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12
Q

what colour is VO 2+

A

blue

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13
Q

what colour is VO2 +

A

yellow

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14
Q

what colour is Cr 3+

A

green

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15
Q

what colour is Cr2O7 2-

A

orange

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16
Q

what colour is Mn 2+

A

pale pink/ colourless

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17
Q

what colour is MnO4 2-

A

green

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18
Q

what colour is MnO4 -

A

purple

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19
Q

what colour is Fe 2+

A

pale green

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20
Q

what colour is Fe 3+

A

yellow/ purple

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21
Q

what colour is Co 2+

A

pink

22
Q

what colour is Ni 2+

A

green

23
Q

what colour is Cu 2+

A

pale blue

24
Q

what are the chemical properties of transition metals?

A

Form complex ions
Form coloured ions
Good catalysts
Exist in variable oxidation states

25
Q

Define what is meant by a heterogeneous catalyst

A

a catalyst in a different phase or state from the reactants

26
Q

In what circumstance does colorimetry sometimes not help distinguish transition metal ions

A

when their electron configuration is no longer that of a transition metal i.e. they have a full d orbital
A full shell means there is no position for electrons from lower sub-shells to move up to and therefore it is colourless.

27
Q

give the equation which relates energy change to the Planck constant (h) and the frequency of visible light (v)

A

change in energy = hv

28
Q

explain why electron transition causes a solution containing a transition metal ion to be coloured

A

One colour of visible light is absorbed

remaining frequencies are reflected or transmitted

29
Q

state 3 features of transition metal complexes that cause a change in the energy change value between ground and excited state (and so their colour)

A

oxidation state
ligand
metal involved
coordination number

30
Q

define a ligand

A

a particle with a lone pair which bonds to a metal by a coordinate bond

31
Q

define a complex

A

metal ion with coordinately bonded ligands

32
Q

define coordination number

A

number of coordinate bonds from a ligand to the metal ion

33
Q

define a lewis base

A

lone pair donor

34
Q

define a lewis acid

A

lone pair acceptor

35
Q

what does colorimetry measure

A

concentration of a solution- the more concentrated the solution, the more visible light it absorbs

36
Q

what are the common oxidation states of Manganese (Mn)

A

+2 +4 +6 +7

37
Q

what are the common oxidation states of iron (Fe)

A

+2 +3 +6

38
Q

what are the common oxidation states of copper (Cu)

A

+1 +2

39
Q

how to change the oxidation state of a transition metal with pH

A

oxidise in alkaline conditions

reduce in acidic conditions

40
Q

how do heterogeneous catalysts work

A

A reactant is ADSORBED onto the surface at the catalysts active site
The contact weakens bonds in the reactant
The reactants react with one another
The product is DE-ADSORBED

41
Q

What is a homogeneous catalyst

A

a catalyst in the same phase or state as the reactants
often reactions take place in solution
reaction creates an intermediate species formed from reactants and the catalyst which then reacts further to regenerate the catalyst

42
Q

How do coloured ions occur?

A

Electrons move between sub shells
The gap between the shells corresponds to the energy of visible light
Electrons absorb visible light in order to move up a level
The colour you see are the colours which are emitted/reflected NOT absorbed
This doesn’t occur with ions that have and empty or full d sub shell

43
Q

Factors that affect the colour of a transition metal ion

A

Identity of metal
Oxidation state of metal
Identity of ligand
Coordination number

44
Q

How does ultraviolet/ visible spectroscopy work

A

The frequency of a complex absorbs visible light which can be measured with spectroscopy

Light passes through the complex and the frequencies passing through are detected, those that do not pass through are absorbed

The more concentrated the solution the more light absorbed

45
Q

What is the coordination number for CN when it acts as a ligand

A

1

46
Q

What is the coordination number of ammonia when it acts as a ligand

A

1

47
Q

What is the coordination number when 1,2 diaminothane acts as a ligand (NH2-CH2-CH2-NH3)

A

2

48
Q

What is the coordination number for C2O4 when it acts like a ligand

A

2

49
Q

What is the coordination of EDTA when it acts as a ligand

A

6

50
Q

What is catalyst poisoning ?

A

When a substance adsorbs to the catalyst active site so strongly that that are not released thus blocking the active site from further catalysing the reaction

51
Q

Formula for 1,2 diaminoethane

A

H2N-CH2-CH2-NH2

Chemistry Misc (15 decks)

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