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Chemistry Misc > Reactions Of Functional Groups > Flashcards

Reactions Of Functional Groups Flashcards

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1
Q

Reactions which form haloalkanes

A

Free radical substitution with alkanes

Electrophilic addition of alkenes

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2
Q

Conditions for free radical substitution

A

Halogen

UV light

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3
Q

Conditions for electrophilic addition

A

HX (halogen and hydrogen)

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4
Q

Conditions for elimination of haloalkanes

A

Hot ethanolic KOH

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5
Q

Conditions for nucleophilic substitution of OH- ions

A

Warm NaOH (aq)

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6
Q

Conditions for nucleophilic substitution of CN- ions

A

Warm ethanolic KCN

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7
Q

Conditions for nucleophilic substitution of ammonia

A 
Sealed container 
High pressure 
Ethanolic 
Conc NH3 
Heat
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8
Q

Conditions for complete oxidation of a primary alcohol into a carboxylic acid

A

H+/ K2Cr2O7 under reflux conditions with heat

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9
Q

What reactions can haloalkanes do

A 
Nucleophilic substitution (NH3, CN, OH)
Elimination
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10
Q

reactions of alcohols

A

elimination
oxidation
esterification

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11
Q

reations to make alcohols

A

reduction of aldehydes/ ketones

nucleophilic substitution of OH-

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12
Q

oxidation of primary alcohols

A

for aldehydes- acidified K2Cr2O7, heat, distillation

for carboxylic acid- excessed acidified K2Cr2O7, heat, reflux conditions

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13
Q

oxidation of secondary alcohols

A

for ketones- acidified K2Cr2O7, heat, distillation

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14
Q

reduction of aldehydes/ ketones

A

NaBH4 (aq)

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15
Q

reactions of alkenes

A 
electrophilic addition (H2SO4, HBr, Br2, H3PO4)
hydrogenation
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16
Q

hydrogenation of alkenes conditions

A

Gaseous H2, Nickle catalyst, 200 degrees

17
Q

Electrophilic addition of alkene

A

for alcohol- Conc H3PO4, high temp & pressure
for haloalkane- Hydrogen halide
for alkyl hydrogensulfate- conc H2SO4

18
Q

reactions to make alkenes

A

elimination (alcohols, haloalkanes)

19
Q

elimination of alcohol

A

conc H2SO4 180 degrees

20
Q

elimination of haloalkane

A

hot ethanolic KOH

21
Q

reactions of alkanes

A

free radical substitution

22
Q

esterification of alcohols

A

carboxylic acid, conc H2SO4
or acyl chloride
or acid anhydride

23
Q

reactions of ketones

A 
reduction
nucleophilic addition (CN-)
24
Q

nucleophilic addition of ketones

A

HCN/ KCN, produces 2-hydroxynitrile

25
Q

reactions of aldehydes

A

oxidation
nucleophilic addition
reduction

26
Q

nucleophilic addition of aldehydes

A

HCN/ KCN, produces 2-hydroxynitrile

27
Q

problem of using HCN

A

toxic- prevents body from collecting/ using oxygen

28
Q

nucleophilic substitution of alkyl hydrogen sulfate

A

dilute and warm water

29
Q

reduction of nitrile

A

Gaseous H2, nickle catalyst, 200 degrees

30
Q

nucleophilic addition/ elimination of amines

A

acyl chloride/ acid anhydride

31
Q

esterification of carboxylic acid

A

alcohol, conc H2SO4

Chemistry Misc (15 decks)

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