Reactions Of Functional Groups Flashcards
Reactions which form haloalkanes
Free radical substitution with alkanes
Electrophilic addition of alkenes
Conditions for free radical substitution
Halogen
UV light
Conditions for electrophilic addition
HX (halogen and hydrogen)
Conditions for elimination of haloalkanes
Hot ethanolic KOH
Conditions for nucleophilic substitution of OH- ions
Warm NaOH (aq)
Conditions for nucleophilic substitution of CN- ions
Warm ethanolic KCN
Conditions for nucleophilic substitution of ammonia
Sealed container High pressure Ethanolic Conc NH3 Heat
Conditions for complete oxidation of a primary alcohol into a carboxylic acid
H+/ K2Cr2O7 under reflux conditions with heat
What reactions can haloalkanes do
Nucleophilic substitution (NH3, CN, OH) Elimination
reactions of alcohols
elimination
oxidation
esterification
reations to make alcohols
reduction of aldehydes/ ketones
nucleophilic substitution of OH-
oxidation of primary alcohols
for aldehydes- acidified K2Cr2O7, heat, distillation
for carboxylic acid- excessed acidified K2Cr2O7, heat, reflux conditions
oxidation of secondary alcohols
for ketones- acidified K2Cr2O7, heat, distillation
reduction of aldehydes/ ketones
NaBH4 (aq)
reactions of alkenes
electrophilic addition (H2SO4, HBr, Br2, H3PO4) hydrogenation
hydrogenation of alkenes conditions
Gaseous H2, Nickle catalyst, 200 degrees
Electrophilic addition of alkene
for alcohol- Conc H3PO4, high temp & pressure
for haloalkane- Hydrogen halide
for alkyl hydrogensulfate- conc H2SO4
reactions to make alkenes
elimination (alcohols, haloalkanes)
elimination of alcohol
conc H2SO4 180 degrees
elimination of haloalkane
hot ethanolic KOH
reactions of alkanes
free radical substitution
esterification of alcohols
carboxylic acid, conc H2SO4
or acyl chloride
or acid anhydride
reactions of ketones
reduction nucleophilic addition (CN-)
nucleophilic addition of ketones
HCN/ KCN, produces 2-hydroxynitrile
reactions of aldehydes
oxidation
nucleophilic addition
reduction
nucleophilic addition of aldehydes
HCN/ KCN, produces 2-hydroxynitrile
problem of using HCN
toxic- prevents body from collecting/ using oxygen
nucleophilic substitution of alkyl hydrogen sulfate
dilute and warm water
reduction of nitrile
Gaseous H2, nickle catalyst, 200 degrees
nucleophilic addition/ elimination of amines
acyl chloride/ acid anhydride
esterification of carboxylic acid
alcohol, conc H2SO4