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a2 chemistry > Transition > Flashcards

Transition Flashcards

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AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards
1
Q

Monodentate

A

Water, ammonia, chloride, cyanide, hydroxide.

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2
Q

Bidentate

A

Ethandioate

1,2 -diamnioethane

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3
Q

Multidentate

A

EDTA-4

Porferin

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4
Q

Square plAnar

A

Cisplatin

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5
Q

What are the general properties of transition metals as a result of their incomplete d-sub level

A

Variable oxidation states
Catalytic action
Coloured compounds
Formation of complexes

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6
Q

Ligand

A

Particle with lone pair of electrons that bonds to metals by a co ordinate bond

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7
Q

Complex

A

Metal ion with co-ordinately bonded ligands

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8
Q

Co ordinate number

A

Number of co ordinate bonds from ligands to metal ion

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9
Q

What is the formula and colour of Fe2+ in aqueous solution ?

A

[Fe(H2O)6]2+(aq)

Green

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10
Q

What is the formula and colour of Fe2+ with NaOH?

A

Fe(H2O)4(OH)2 (s)

Green ppt goes brown on standing in air

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11
Q

What is the formula and colour of Fe2+ in an excess of NaoH(aq)

A

Fe(H2O)4(OH)2 (s)

No further change small amount

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12
Q

What is the formula and colour of Fe2+ with NH3 (aq)

A

Fe(H2O)4(OH)2 (s)

Green ppt goes brown on standing in air

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13
Q

What is the formula and colour of Fe2+ with an excess of NH3 (aq)?

A

No further change

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14
Q

What is the formula and colour of Fe2+ with Na2Co3(aq)

A

FeCO3 (s)

Green ppt

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15
Q

What is the formula and colour of Cu2+ in aqueous?

A

[Cy(H2O)6]2+ (aq)

Blue solution

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16
Q

What is the formula and colour of Cu2+ with NaOH

A

Cu(H2O)4(OH)2 (s)

Blue ppt

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17
Q

What is the formula and colour of Cu2+ with an xs of NaOH?

A

No further change

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18
Q

What is the formula and colour of Cu2+ with NH3 (aq)?

A

cu(H2O)4(OH)2 (s)

Blue ppt

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19
Q

What is the formula and colour of Cu2+ with an XS if NH3?

A

[Cu(H2O)2(NH3)4]2+ (aq)

Deep blue solution

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20
Q

What is the formula and colour of Cu2+ with Na2CO3 (aq) ?

A

CuCO3 (s)

Blue green ppt

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21
Q

What is the formula and colour of Fe3+ in aqueous?

A

[Fe(H2O)6]3+ (aq)
Purple solution
May appear yellow brown due to some [Fe(H2O)5(OH)]2+ (aq)

22
Q

What is the formula and colour of Fe3+ with NaOH?

A

Fe(H2O)3(OH)3 (s)
Brown ppt
Maybe orangery

23
Q

What is the formula and colour of Fe3+ with XS NaOH?

A

No further change

24
Q

What is the formula and colour of Fe3+ with NH3 (aq)

A

Fe(H2O)3(OH)3 (s)

Brown ppt

25
Q

What is the formula and colour of Fe3+ with excess NH3(aq)?

A

No further change

26
Q

What is the formula and colour of Fe3+ with Na2CO3(aq)?

A

Fe(H2O)3(OH)3(s)
Brown ppt
CO2 gas evolved

27
Q

What is the formula and colour of Al3+ in aqueous?

A

[Al(H2O)6]3+ (aq)

Colourless solution

28
Q

What is the formula and colour of Al3+ with NaOH?

A

Al(H2O)3(OH)3 (s)

White ppt

29
Q

What is the formula and colour of Al3+ with Xs NaOH?

A

[Al(OH)4]- (aq)

Colourless solution

30
Q

What is the formula and colour of Al3+ with NH3 (aq)?

A

Al(H2O)3(OH)3 (s)

White ppt

31
Q

What is the formula and colour of Al3+ with Xs NH3 (aq)?

A

No further change

32
Q

What is the formula and colour of Al3+ with Na2CO3(aq)

A

Al(H2O)3(OH)3 (s)
White ppt
CO2 gas evolved

33
Q

4 main features of transition metals.

A

Variable oxidation states
Colour
Catalysis
Complex formation

34
Q

When is a complex transition metal ion formed?

A

When a transition metal ion is surrounded by ligands, bonded by co-ordinate bonds

35
Q

Lewis base

A

Lone pair donor

36
Q

Lewis acid

A

Lone pair acceptor

37
Q

Why does the ligand act as a Lewis base and the metal ion act as a Lewis acid in complex ion?

A

Ligand is donating a lone pair and the metal ion is accepting it

38
Q

Why are CN- and CO toxic?

A

They prevent oxygen being transported around the body

39
Q

When can cis-teams isomerism occur?

A

In octahedral and square planar complexes where there are two ligands of one type different to other ligands

40
Q

When does optical isomerism occur in complexes?

A

In an octahedral complex with three bidentate ligands

41
Q

Why is HCl an unsuitable as as the medium for which KMnO4 reacts?

A

MnO4- would oxidise the Cl-, so the total volume of KMnO4 would be affected.

42
Q

Why is concentrated H2SO4/HNO3; an unsuitable as as the medium for which KMnO4 reacts?

A

They are oxidising agents so effect the volume of KMnO4 required in the titration.

43
Q

Why is Ethanoic acid an unsuitable as as the medium for which KMnO4 reacts?

A

It’s too weak an acid and would not provide enough H+ ions.

44
Q

What are the reactions of metal aqua ions?

A

Hydrolysis
Substitution
Redox

45
Q

Ligand

A

Atom, ion or molecule which can donate a lone electron pair

46
Q

Complex ion

A

Central metal ion surrounded by co-ordinately bonded ligands which co-ordination number exceeds oxidation state

47
Q

Co-ordination number

A

The number of co-ordinate bonds formed to a central metal ion

48
Q

When doing colorimetry, why is it important that the container for each sample has the same dimensions?

A

Absorption depends on distance traveled through solution

49
Q

Why is a coloured filter used in colorimetry ?

A

To select the colour or wavelength that is almost strongly absorbed by the sample

50
Q

Why might a colorimetric method be chosen in preference of a titration?

A

Quicker to measure extracted samples than to titrate

51
Q

How does the precipitate become dry in a desiccator?

A

Water vapour of precipitate is absorbed by the dying agent.

52
Q

Explain the term complex

A

Transition metal ion surrounded by one or more coordinately bonded ligands.

a2 chemistry (14 decks)

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