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MEDL 200 - Quiz 2 > Transfusion Medicine > Flashcards

Transfusion Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Canadian Blood Services responsible for?

A
  • donor screening
  • collecting blood from volunteer donors
  • blood typing
  • performing testing to ensure the blood supply is safe
  • producing blood components such as packed red cells, plasma and platelets
  • matching bone marrow donors and recipients
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2
Q

What is the primary donation given to the CBS?

A

whole blood

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3
Q

What is a specialized collection called?

A

Pheresis

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4
Q

What types of pheresis collections are there?

A

Collecting of:

  • plasma
  • platelets
  • WBC
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5
Q

How is pheresis done?

A

whole blood is removed from donor, centrifuged and filtered to separate the desire components, then the remainder is returned to the donor

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6
Q

How is the most plasma donated in Canada?

A

By apheresis

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7
Q

What is AUTOLOGOUS DONATION?

A

When a patient donates whole blood for themselves to use.

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8
Q

What tests are done before sending it to Transfusion Medicine that is related to the blood cells itself?

A
  • ABO grouping; extended RBC phenotype
  • Rh (rhesus) typing
  • antibody screening
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9
Q

What tests are done before sending it to Transfusion Medicine that is related to disease testing?

A
  • Hep B surface antigen and hep-B core antibody
  • Anti-HCV/HIV/HTLV
  • syphilis screening
  • West Nile virus
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10
Q

What’s the difference between blood COMPONENTS and blood PRODUCTS?

A

Components = the actual components of your donation (i.e. packed red cells, plasma and platelets)

Products = made from your blood; produced from your blood

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11
Q

What is packed red blood cells?

A

When you remove as much plasma and WBC as you can from donated whole blood.

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12
Q

What is the packed red blood cells for?

A

It’s used for patients with decreased oxygen carrying capacity (symptomatic anemia)

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13
Q

How is packed red blood cells stored?

A

For 42 days in a fridge

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14
Q

What is Fresh Frozen Plasma?

A

plasma that has been collected by plasmapheresis OR prepared from whole blood and is frozen within 8 hours of collection

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15
Q

When is plasma considered Frozen Plasma then?

A

if the plasma is frozen after 8 hours of collection

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16
Q

How is plasma stored?

A

in a freezer that is less than -18c for one year

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17
Q

What is plasma used for?

A

patients with deficiencies of coagulation factors

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18
Q

Why are platelets given to some patients?

A

It’s because some: patients who can’t produce enough of their own platelets; patients whose platelet function is impaired

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19
Q

How do you store platelets?

A

at room temperature for up to 5 days WITH continual mechanical agitation

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20
Q

Do blood components or blood products have lot numbers?

A

blood products do

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21
Q

What are some examples of blood products?

A
  • coagulation factor concentrates
  • IV immune globulin
  • hyper immune globulins
  • Rh immune globulins
  • albumin
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22
Q

What is coagulation factor concentrates used for?

A

patients with bleeding disorders

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23
Q

What do patients with hemophilia get?

A

Factor VIII concentrates

*they self-administrate at home to prevent/control bleeding

24
Q

How are clotting factor/coagulation factor concentrates made?

A

they are derived from pooled donor plasma or recombinant DNA technology

25
Q

What are the examples of gamma globulin products?

A
  • IVIG (IV immune globulins)

- hyper immune globulins

26
Q

How do you get IV immune globulins?

A

prepared by fractionation of pooled plasma

27
Q

What kind of immunity does IVIG provide?

A

passive immunity = immediate protection

28
Q

What is one of the treatments IVIG is used for?

A

hypoglobulinema

29
Q

What is hyper immune globulins used for?

A

passive immunization preparations for those post-exposure

30
Q

What are some examples things that hyper immune globulin can be used post-exposure to?

A
  • respiratory syncytial virus
  • measles
  • tetanus
  • chicken pox
  • rabies
  • cytomegalovirus
31
Q

What is Rh immune globulin?

A

a specific type of gamma globulin containing antibodies to Rh (D) antibodies

32
Q

What is an example of when Rh immune globulin is used?

A

when a woman is Rh (D) negative and their baby is Rh positive

  • used to prevent the moms from making anti-D after the brith of their baby
  • protects future pregnancies from red cell destruction
33
Q

What is albumin used for?

A

patients whose blood volume is depleted (need volume not RBC)
- common for patients with severe burns

34
Q

Where are the blood products stored from CBS?

A

in the transfusion medicine division of the clinical lab

35
Q

What is Transfusion Medicine responsible for?

A
  • storage
  • immunohematological testing
  • issuing blood components for transfusion
36
Q

How are most of the testing done in Transfusion Medicine?

A

antigen-antibody tests

37
Q

What are some transfusion medicine tests?

A
  • determining ABO and Rh blood type
  • screening donors and recipients for unexpected blood group antibodies
  • compatibility testing of donor and recipient blood prior to transfusion
  • investigating transfusion reactions
  • investigate maternal-fetal incompatibilities
38
Q

What is done during Type and Screen (compatibility testing)?

A
  • ABO group and Rh type of the patient is determined
  • antibody screen is performed on the patient
  • cross-match is done by mixing donor’s abc with patient’s plasma
39
Q

What is an important part of specimen collection for TM testing?

A

TWO people have to independently identify the patient

40
Q

Blood type: A
Red cell antigen: (1)
Plasma antibodies: (2)

A

(1) A

(2) anti-B

41
Q

Blood type: B
Red cell antigen: (1)
Plasma antibodies: (2)

A

(1) B

(2) anti-A

42
Q

Blood type: AB
Red cell antigen: (1)
Plasma antibodies: (2)

A

(1) AB

(2) – NONE

43
Q

Blood type: O
Red cell antigen: (1)
Plasma antibodies: (2)

A

(1) – NONE

(2) anti-A, anti-B

44
Q

What group is the universal donor of RBC?

A

Group O

45
Q

What group is the universal donor for plasma?

A

Group AB

46
Q

D or Rh positive do/do not have D antigen on their red cells.

A

DO

47
Q

Rh +
Red cell antigen: (1)
Plasma antibody: (2)

A

(1) D

(2) – NONE

48
Q

Rh -
Red cell antigen: (1)
Plasma antibody: (2)

A

(1) – NONE

2) anti-D IF previously exposed to D+ cells (through pregnancy or transfusion

49
Q

Considering ABO and Rh blood groups together, what is the universal donor of red blood cells?

A

O-

50
Q

How do you determine ABO group and Rh Type?

A

By putting reagent anti-A, anti-B, and anti-D into tubes with RBC to see if there sis agglutination (red cell clumping)

51
Q

How is antibody screening done?

A

by commercially prepared red cell reagents = antibody screening cells

52
Q

What are some symptoms of transfusion reactions?

A
  • fevers, chills, shortness of breath, back pain, chest pain, allergic response, rash, blood in urine and shock
53
Q

When cross-matching, what is a result that means the blood unit can be matched?

A

When mixing donor’s red cells with recipient’s plasma and no agglutination or hemolysis occurs.

54
Q

What symptom do babies that are born of hemolytic disease (HDN) have?

A
  • jaundice (due to high levels of bilirubin)
55
Q

What can you do if a baby is born with mild jaundice?

A

treating the baby with special lights as bilirubin is photosensitive

56
Q

If the case of HDN is severe, high levels of bilirubin, then what treatment is there?

A

exchange transfusion

57
Q

What happens during post-natal screening?

A

It’s done on the baby’s cord blood to test for ABO, Rh typing and direct anti globulin testing

MEDL 200 - Quiz 2 (5 decks)

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