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PHYSIOTHERAPY YEAR 2 > Transforming Practice - NEURO > Flashcards

Transforming Practice - NEURO Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Berg Balance Scale?

A

Sitting to standing
Standing unsupported
Standing to sitting
Transfers
Standing unsupported eyes closed
Standing unsupported with feet together
Reaching forward with outstretched arm while standing
Etc ………

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2
Q

What is CPIPS?

A

Cerebral Palsy Integrated Pathway Scotland
Assessment for hip surveillance

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3
Q

What is MOCA?

A

Montreal Cognitive Assessment
Assesses a range of cognitive abilities

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4
Q

What is the modified ashworth scale?

A

Tone

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5
Q

What is the ASIA scale?

A
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6
Q

What are some other outcome measures you could use for assessing a neurological case?

A

Tinetti Assessment Scale - balance and gait section
TUG
Standardised mini-mental state examination
Guidelines of administering SMMSE
NHSS
NHSS - one page assessment
Barthel index (ADLs)
MAS
PASS

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7
Q

What are some tools to use to assess the risk of falls?

A

STRATIFY SCALE
Morse fall scale
Medication fall risk scale and evaluation tools
Delirium evaluation bundle
FRAT
BERG
TINETTI
EMS

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8
Q

What factors are important in Neurorehabilitation?

A

Skills: person, task, environment

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9
Q

What is the ICF model?

A

Health condition
Body function/structure - activities - participation
Environmental factors - personal factors

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10
Q

How should you assess someone with Parkinsons?

A

Muscle power
Muscle tone
Joint mobility
Exercise tolerance
Pain
Functional movements
Safety
Balance - stationary, transfer and gait related.
Gait pattern impairments
Freezing
Dexterity
Transfers
Physical capacity

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11
Q

What outcome measures can be used to assess someone with Parkinsons?

A

Activities balance confidence scale
Falls efficacy scale international
Modified Parkinson’s activity scale
Timed up and go
Five times sit to stand test
Dynamic gait index
Functional gait assessment
Berg balance scale
10 metre walk
Freezing of gait
6 minute walk distance

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12
Q

What are some treatment goals for people with Parkinsons?

A

Hoehn and Yahr Year 1:
Self-management support, prevent inactivity, prevent fear to fall or move, improve physical capacity, reduce pain, delay onset activity limitations

Year 2 to 4:
Maintain or reduce limitations in transfers, balance, manual activities and gait.

Year 5:
Maintain vital functions
Prevent pressure sores
Prevent contractures
Support carers/nurses

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13
Q

What is the UKs exercise framework for Parkinsons?

A

Section 1: focus on adding exercise to their lifestyle - focus on general health and staying active. E.g. motor cognitive tasks, balance, gait, transfers and physical capacity training

Section 2: focus on exercises to target PD symptoms - including non-motor symptoms (depression, apathy, lack of motivation, sleep disturbances)

Section 3: use of exercise to manage progressive physical symptoms. Focus on training caregivers to help PwPD to do exercises.

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14
Q

What is The Alexander technique for Parkinsons?

A

It teaches you to be more aware of your body, improves posture and helps you move more efficiently. It can help people with Parkinson’s to manage their symptoms and carry out everyday tasks more effectively,

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15
Q

What tests can you do to assess people with Alzheimer’s disease?

A

MMSC - cognitive - mini mental state examination (detection of cognitive impairment for people with Alzheimer’s)

MOCA - cognitive - Montreal cognitive assessment (understanding memory and executive function)

QDRS - AD specific - quick dementia rating system - assesses memory language attention communication etc.

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16
Q

What is sensitivity?

A

Correctly identify patients with a disease

17
Q

What is specificity?

A

Ability of a test to determine people without the disease

18
Q

What tests can be performed to assess function in people with Parkinsons?

A

FAQ - Functional Activities Questionnaire
A -IADL-Q - AD specific - Amsterdam Instrumental activities of daily living questionnaire - assess more complex activities eg cooking/managing finances

19
Q

What are the exercise benefits for people with Parkinsons?

A

Functional independence - Barthel index
Cognitive function - MMSE
Neuropsychiatric symptoms - NPI
Physical function - 6MWT, BBS, Functional reach test

20
Q

What are some exercise options for people with Parkinsons?

A

Individual tailored exercise program
Aerobic exercise (at least 150 mins of moderate intensity)
Resistance training (at least twice per week)
Telehealth
Sport
Dance

21
Q

What are some domains that can be used to assess people with multiple sclerosis?

A

Physical disability:
Hand grip strength
Modified Ashowrth Scale
Expanded disability status scale

Cognitive impairment:
Symbol digits modalities test

Functional impairments:
Multiple sclerosis functional composite

Quality of life:
Multiple sclerosis impact scale

22
Q

What guidelines are there for general aerobic exercise for people with MS?

A

2-3 days per week
Gradually increase from 10-30 minutes over time
Moderate intensity - between 11 and 13 on the RPE scale.

Eg:
Ergometry
Walking
Quatics
Elliptical

23
Q

What are some guidelines surrounding advanced aerobic exercise for people with MS?

A

5 days per week
Can approach 40 minutes
Intensity can approach 15 on the RPE scale

Eg:
Same as general guidelines
Running
Road cycling

24
Q

What are some guidelines surrounding general resistance exercise for people with MS?

A

2-3 days per week
1-3 sets of 8-15 reps
5-10 exercises

Resistance that allows you to finish 8-15 reps comfortably

Mainly target major/large muscle groups:
Weight machines
Free weights
Elastic bands

25
Q

What are some special considerations for exercising with MS?

A

Overall progression should start with duration or frequency, and then progress to intensity per tolerability
Rest muscles for 2-4 minutes between sets and muscle groups
Rest muscles for at leat 1 day between strength training sessions
Aerobic and resistance training can be performed on the same day depending on tolerability
MS specific symptoms (eg fatigue and sensitivity) should be identified and discussed before prescribing an exercise routine.

26
Q

What are some outcomes measures for multiple sclerosis?

A

MAS
Expanded disability status scale
Functional independence measure
Guy’s neurological disability scale
Multiple sclerosis functional composite
Multiple sclerosis walking scale
Mini mental state examination
Beck depression inventory
General health questionnaire
Hospital anxiety and depression scales
Multiple sclerosis QoL-54
Health scale short form - 36.

27
Q

What are some tools to assess sitting?

A

Spinal seating professional development project assessment form
Posture in current seating system - ACI

28
Q

What is FRAT?

A

Falls risk assessment tool
Takes into account: recent falls, medication, psychological and cognitive status.
Includes a risk factor check list: vision, mobility, transfers, behaviours, ADLs, environment, nutrition, continence, health conditions.

29
Q

What is FaME?

A

Falls exercise management

30
Q

What is Otago?

A

A home exercise programme

6 warm up exercises:
March, head movement, neck movements, back extension, trunk movement, ankle movement

Strength exercises:
Front knee strengthening (seated leg raises)
Back knee strengthening (standing hamstring curls)
Side hip strengthening (standing lateral kicks)
Calf raises
Toe raises

Balance exercises:
Knee bends (squats with chair)
Knee bends (without the chair)
Toe walking (supported)
Toe walking (no support)
Heel toe stand (feet directly in front of the other - supported)
Heel toe stand no support
Heel toe walking supported
Heel toe walking no support
One leg stand supported
One leg stand no support
Sideways walking supported
Sideways walking no support
Heel walking supported
Heel walking no support
Sit to stand using hands
Sit to stand no hands
Backwards walking supported
Backwards walking no support
Heel toe walking backwards
Walk and turn
Stair walking

Warm down:
Calf stretch seated
Back of thigh stretch seated
Walking

31
Q

What are some apps to help with falls prevention?

A

Reviewed by Healthify
Keep on keep up app
LPT falls prevention
Nymbl app
Onero online
Walking tall

32
Q

What is the SC tablet?

A

Compact iPad based speech generating device for people of all ages with communication impairment.

33
Q

What are the common symptoms of concussion?

A

Headache
Neusea or vomitting
Balance problems or light headedness
Temporary loss of conscioussness
Double vision or blurred vision
Ringing in the ear
Sesitivity to light and noise
Feeling tired or drowsy
Changes in sleep patterns
Depression or sadness
Being irritable, nervous or anxious
Feelings of being just not right

34
Q

What are some brain functions that are evaluated in concussion tests?

A

Altertness
Memory
Attention and concentration
Speed of thinking and solving problems
Ability to recall information
Vision
Balance and coordination
Reflexes
Hearing

35
Q

What are the most commonly used assessments when evaluating individuals with concussion?

A

Post-concussion symptoms scale
Standard assessment of concussion
Standard concussion assessment tool (SCAT3)
Immediate post-concussion assessment and cognitive testing (ImPACT)
Concussion resolution index
Cogsport
King-Devick (KD)

36
Q

What is the immediate management for concussion?

A

Anyone with a suspected concussion should:
- be removed from play immediately
- get assessed by an appropriate healthcare professional within 24 hours of the incident
- rest and sleep as needed for the first 24-48 hours. Light activities of daily living and walking are acceptable
- Minimise screen time for first 48 hours

Should not:
- Be left alone for the first 24 hours
- Consume alcohol in the first 24 hours/if symptoms persist
- Drive a motor vehicle for the first 24 hours

37
Q
A
38
Q

What are the top concussion management treatments?

A

PHYSIOTHERAPY YEAR 2 (9 decks)

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