Applied Criticality In Health Flashcards
What is the Hill criteria for causation?
Temporality - does the cause precede the effect?
Plausibility - is there biological plausibility, consistent with existing knowledge
Consistency - have similar results been shown in other studies
Strength - what is the strength of association between cause and effect
Dose - response - does increased exposure = increased effect?
Reversibility - does removal of a cause decrease the risk of effect?
Study design - is the evidence based on robust study design
Evidence - how many lines of evidence led to the conclusion.
What is a systematic review?
Identify, appraise and synthesise all empirical evidence that meets pre-specified eligibility criteria to answer a specific questions
What is a narrative review?
Comprehensive, critical and objective analysis of current knowledge. Establish a theoretical framework and focus for your research.
What is a scoping review?
A type of knowledge synthesis and iterative approach to identify and synthesise an existing or emerging body of literature on a given topic.
What is PICO for quantitative research?
Patient - patient or problem
Intervention - treatment or procedure
Comparison - alternative treatment or procedure
Outcome - what are you hoping to measure
What is PICo for quantitative research?
Patient - patient or problem
Interest - event, activity, phenomena or experience
Context - setting or distinct characteristics
How is bias reduced in systematic reviews?
Documenting transparent/replicable strategies
Reporting reliability on key data
Accessing bias in studies
Assessing study quality
Meta-analysis to statistically synthesise results across studies.
What is a case report?
A detailed report of the diagnosis, treatment, response to treatment, and follow-up after treatment of an individual patient.
A group of case reports involving patients who were given similar treatment.
What are cross-sectional studies?
What are the characteristics of a specific group?
How common is a condition/injury amongst a certain population?
What is a case control study?
A non-experimental research design using epidemiological approach - compare groups retrospectively. Seek to identify possible predictors of outcome and are useful for studying rare disease or outcomes.
Involves matching people with an outcome of interest with controls who do not have the outcome.
Look back to see if they had the exposure.
What is a cohort study?
A group having one or more similar characteristic is closely monitored over time simultaneously with another group.
What is a RCT?
An experiemental design used for testing the effectiveness of a new medication or a new therapeutic procedure/intervention.
