Population Health And Wellbeing Flashcards
What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
Bottom to top
- Basic physiological needs
- Safety/Security needs
- Affiliation/belongingless/social needs
- Esteem needs
- Self-actualisation
What systems can old age effect?
General health
Malnutrition and dehydration
Hearing, eyesight
Memory loss, dementia, delirium
Joint pain, reduced mobility, falls
Bladder and bowel problems
Mental health problems
Compounded by socio-economic and commercial determinants of health.
What is Dahlgreen and Whiteheads 1991 diagram?
The broad social and economic circumstances that together influence health throughout the life courses are known as social determinants of health.
What are kitwoods malignant tendencies?
Ways not to look after people with dementia:
Infantilisation
Labelling
Outpacing
Banishment
Ignoring
Withholding
Disruption
Disempowerment
Intimidation
Stigmatisation
Invalidation
Accusation
Mockery
What is Mehrabian’s communication theory?
How we pass on communication
Body language - 55%
Tone, speed and volume - 38%
Words - 7%
What is delirium?
Acute confusion - a change in a persons mental state or consciousness
Can be caused by an underlying physical condition (stroke, infection, medication)
Most common complication of hospitalisation for older people.
What are the signs and symptoms of delirium?
Cognitive function (worsened concentration, slow responses, reduced alertness, confusion)
Perception (visual or auditory hallucinations, delusions)
Physical function (reduced mobility/movement, restlessness, agitation, changes in appetitite, sleep disturbance)
Social behaviour (lack of cooperation with reasonable requests, withdrawal, or alterations in communication, mood)
Emotional disturbance (mood swings)
What are the 3 main types of delirium?
Hypoactive - lethargic, subdued, slow to answer questions. Most common, most dangerous. Less frequently diagnosed.
At risk for pressure ulcers, pulmonary embolus, aspiration pneumonia
Hyperactive - agitated, calling out, restless, wandering, least common, most frequently diagnosed
At risk of falls and injury
Mixed - a mix of hypoactive and hyperactive delirium. Eg different from 11am to 5pm. Quite common.
What is the Mental Capacity Act (2005)
NICE 2018
Mental capacity is the ability to make a decision and understand the consequences of that decision
The MCA provides a framework to empower and protect people who may lack capacity to make some decisions for themselves.
Can the person (free from undue pressure)
- Understand the information?
- Retain the information (for long enough to make a decision)?
- Use it to make a decision?
- Communicate the decision?
If yes to all questions, then the patient has capacity
If no to any questions, then the patient lacks capacity.
What are the 5 key principles for The Mental Capacity Act?
Assume people have capacity
Support people to make decisions
Unwise decisions do not necessarily mean lack of capacity
Decisions must be in a persons best interest
Can a decision be made in a way that is less restrictive of a person’s freedom?
What factors indicate that an individual may be deprived of liberty?
That the person is confined to a restricted place for a non-negligible period of time
That the person does not have the capacity to consent to their care and treatment in those circumstances
That the person is subject to ‘continuous and complete supervision and control’ and
That the person is not free to leave
What dies MAcmillan say about lung cancer?
Around 70% is preventable
What is population health?
An approach aimed at improving the health of the entire population. About improving physical and mental health outcomes and wellbeing of people within and across a defined local, regional or national population, while reducing health inequality.
What are the 5 cardinal signs of respiratory disease?
Cough
Wheeze
Dyspnea
Chest pain
Sputum
What are the foundational principles of population health?
Social determinants of health
Equity and health disparities
Hollistic approach
Prevention
Interdisciplinary collaboration
Data and research
Community engagement
Policy and advocacy
Health promotion
Global health
Health literacy
Systems thinking
