transformations around the globe

Question 1

which dynasty controlled china from 1644-1912

Answer 1

Qing Dynasty

Question 2

why was china self sufficient

Answer 2

1. healthy agriculture
2. extensive mining and manufacturing industries
3. produced beautiful silks, high quality cotton and fine porcelain

Question 3

why did china have little interest with trading with the west

Answer 3

they were very self sufficient and didn’t need trade ports

Question 4

china had one port open, what was it

Answer 4

Guangzhou

Question 5

what did the europeans need to get china to trade with them

Answer 5

europeans needed a product that the chinese wanted to buy in large quantities

Question 6

what did britian sell and smuggle into china

Answer 6

opium

Question 7

an ambassador from which nation brought gifts to the Chinese court in search of a trading relationship

Answer 7

britian brought items of western technology, however the Chinese were not interested in the “strange objects” of the west

Question 8

how did china try to stop the British from trading opium with them

Answer 8

the Qing emperor wrote a eltter to the queen asking britain to stop the opium trade

Question 9

did britain accept chinas request and what war did this lead to

Answer 9

britian refused to stop the opium trade and this lead to the first opium war

Question 10

what type of battle was the opium war

Answer 10

navy battle

Question 11

who won the opium war

Answer 11

britain

Question 12

what was a main reason china lost the opium war

Answer 12

the chinese navy was extremely outdated and much weaker

Question 13

what treaty was signed and ended the opium war

Answer 13

the Treaty of Nanjing

Question 14

what were the british given due to their victory in the opium war

Answer 14

• hong kong
• extraterritorial rights
• soon more ports were opened and other nations were given extraterritorial rights as well

Question 15

what are extraterritorial rights

Answer 15

an exemption of foreign residents from the laws of the country. foreigners were not subject to Chinese laws at Quangzhou and other ports

Question 16

what continued to be a problem in china after losing the opium wars

Answer 16

a weak government, famine due to the increase in population to 430 million, and drug addiction. as these problems increased Chinese people began to rebel against the Qing dynasty

Question 17

how did the Taiping rebellion start

Answer 17

problems in china started to increase and people grew unhappy with the ways of the Qing dynasty

Question 18

who was Hong Xiuquan

Answer 18

a new chinese religious leader who was upset with the Qing dynasty leadership and began to recruit followers to overthrow the government and build what he called a “heavenly kingdom of great peace”

Question 19

what was the “heavenly kingdom of great peace”

Answer 19

in this kingdom all chinese people would share wealth and no one would live in poverty

Question 20

what did Hong Xiuquan put together and establish

Answer 20

he established a peasant army that numbered in the hundreds of thousands

Question 21

why did the rebellion start to weaken

Answer 21

hong grew tired of the conflict and withdrew and left family and friends in charge. these leaders feuded amongst themselves and weakened the rebellion

Question 22

how was the rebellion put down

Answer 22

British, french, and Qing troops eventually put down the rebellion. 20 - 40 million died
(put down by the Chinese government with foreign help)

Question 23

what happened after the taiping rebellion failed to repel growing foreign influence

Answer 23

a self-strengthening movement developed to repel growing foreign influence

Question 24

where the results of the self strengthening movement successful or unsuccessful

Answer 24

the results were mixed because many of the reforms failed to strengthen china to the level of other world powers

Question 25

what reforms were made from the self strengthening movement

Answer 25

it introduced western methods to improve educational, diplomatic, and military policy. also led to the manufacture of more steam-powered gunboats, rifles, and ammunition

Question 26

who was the self strengthening movement led by

Answer 26

dowager empress cixi

Question 27

what sort of imperial control were multiple foreign nations able to take over china in the late 1800s

Answer 27

spheres of influence

Question 28

what was the open door policy

Answer 28

issued in 1899, declared by the us, it said that china would be open to merchants of all nations.

Question 29

why did the us declare the open door policy

Answer 29

it protected us trading rights and kept china free from colonization, but still at the mercy of foreign powers

Question 30

what china emperor introduced hundred day reforms to modernize china

Answer 30

Guangxu

Question 31

what did Guangxu want to do

Answer 31

wanted to reorganize the government, strengthen education systems and economy, and modernize the military

Question 32

why was Guangxu forced out of power

Answer 32

Quing officials saw his reforms as a threat to power

Question 33

who was Guangxu replaced by

Answer 33

dowager empress cixi

Question 34

what was the society of righteous and harmonious fists

Answer 34

a secret group formed by those who resented the presence of foreigners and were also called the boxers

Question 35

what did the boxers resent

Answer 35

-special privelages granted to foreigners -chinese christians

Question 36

what did the boxers consist mostly of

Answer 36

poor peasants and workers

Question 37

what happened in the month of august

Answer 37

the rebellion spread and the boxers began to attack and kill all foreigners.

Question 38

by sept. what did the boxers do

Answer 38

a group of boxers surrounded the european section of beijing

Question 39

how was the boxer rebellion put down

Answer 39

19,000 multinational troops arrived in beijing and put down the rebellion

Question 40

did china support the rebellion

Answer 40

the chinese government supported the rebellion but did nothing to help

Question 41

After the boxer rebellion, what did empress cixi do

Answer 41

sent officials ot japan, the us, and britian to study their governments

Question 42

what was suggested that empress cixi do to modernize china

Answer 42

change its government to a constitutional monarchy similar to japans. cixi refused however reforms were started but china would face internal conflict for the next 45 years

Question 43

in the 17th century japan virtually shut itself off from the industrial world for almost 200 years under the rule of who

Answer 43

Tokugawa Shoguns

Question 44

Westeners tried to convince the japenese to what

Answer 44

open their ports for trade

Question 45

who sailed to Tokyo Harbor with 4 ships and a letter asking for trade to be permitted

Answer 45

US Commodore Mathew Perry

Question 46

what US president send mathew perry to open trade with japan and wrote the letter

Answer 46

Millard Filmore

Question 47

why did the japanese agree

Answer 47

- the power of the ships and weapons shocked the japenese -perry said that he would be back in a year with a larger fleet to get their answer - japenese realized they had no choice but to accent the visitors

Question 48

what was the treaty of Kanagawa

Answer 48

Japan would open two ports for US ships and other western powers soon followed and were given extraterritorial rights

Question 49

When this angered many of the Japanese people, they turned to who as a symbol of what

Answer 49

the japenese turned to the young emperor Mutsuhito, a symbol of Japanese pride and nationalism

Question 50

during whos reign was known as the Meiji era (enlightened era)

Answer 50

Japanese emperor Mutsuhito

Question 51

How does mutsuhito modernize japan

Answer 51

he considered modernization to be necessary to avoid colonization - he borrowed and adopted western ways -instituted a strong centralized western style of government (copied form Germany) -adopted public education (copied form US) -modernized its military and economic power (copied from britain/ germany) -began to industrialize by the early 20th century japan was as modern as any country in the world

Question 52

how did japan become the strongest military power in asia

Answer 52

they had several dozen warships and 500,000 well trained and armed troops

Question 53

how did japans power grow

Answer 53

foreign extraterritorial rights were elminated and nationalistic feelings played a large role in japans imperialistic actions

Question 54

the sino-japenese war was a war between which two nations

Answer 54

china and japan

Question 55

what land did china and japan fight over

Answer 55

korea

Question 56

what was the treaty that both china and japan signed

Answer 56

to keep both of their militaries out of korea

Question 57

what started the war and broke the treaty

Answer 57

the chinese sent troops into korea to assist the Korean king which broke the rules of the treaty. so japan shortly sent its own troops in after

Question 58

who won the sino-japanese war

Answer 58

japan, they drove the chinese out of Korea and their navy was destroyed

Question 59

what did japan get after winning the sino-japanese war

Answer 59

they gained the colony of taiwan and foothold in manchuria

Question 60

the russo-japanese war was a war between which two nations

Answer 60

Russia and japan

Question 61

by the 20th century, which two countries emerged as the major powers/enemies in east asia

Answer 61

russia and japan

Question 62

what issue caused russia and japan to go to war in 1904

Answer 62

they were both interested in korea and manchuria

Question 63

how did japan win the russo-japanese war

Answer 63

they launched a surprise attack on the Russian ships and they drove the russians out of Korea and captured most of the Russian fleet

Question 64

what treaty forced russia to stay out of Korea and manchuria

Answer 64

Treaty of Portsmouth, a peace treaty (assisted by T. Roosevelt)

Question 65

After defeating russia, how did japan capture korea

Answer 65

japan attacked korea and made it a protectorate in 1905. by 1910 the Korean king gave up control, the Korean army was disbanded and japan annexed the country

Question 66

how were the japenese harsh rulers

Answer 66

- shut down newspapers -took over korean schools, forced the koreans to study Japanese language and history - gave Korean land to Japanese settlers -koreans forbidden form going into business -these actions were basically ignored from the rest of the world