Transferring Energy Flashcards
Physics
What do almost all objects do with energy?
Store it or transfer it
Where did our energy originate from?
The Sun
How many ways is energy stored in?
8
Magnetic
Magnetic domains inside magnetic material creates a field
Thermal
Hot objects store more thermal energy
Kinetic
(MOVEMENT) Substance may be made of vibrating particles
Chemical
Energy stored in the bonds between atoms in a molecule
Electrostatic
Charged particles in electric field
Elastic Potential (EPE)
Stretched springs, rubber bands etc
Gravitational Potential (GPE)
The higher the object is, the more GPE it has
Nuclear
Stored within nucleus of atom
In how many ways do machines transfer energy?
4
Mechanical
Includes kinetic, GPE and EPE
Electrical
Tiny charged particles flowing around a circuit
Radiation
Energy transferred in waves of light or sound
What is the unit of measure for transference of energy?
Joule (J)
What does the conservation of energy say?
Energy can’t be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another (or stored).
What do all fuels store?
Chemical energy
What happens when we eat?
The chemical energy from the food (fuel) is transferred to our bodies and is stored until it is needed.
What happens when fuels are burned?
Chemical energy is released as thermal and light energy.
How can you compare fuels and food?
By burning them: Use them as thermal energy to heat water. The greater the temp. the more energy in fuel.
What is energy density?
Measurement of how much energy the fuel provides per unit of its mass (how many joules provided per gram of fuel)
Example of energy density
I kg of uranium provides as much energy as 20000, therefore higher energy density.
National Grid
Network or transformers and cables used to transmit the electricity generated in power stations around the country
What is used to increase/decrease the voltage of electricity?
Transformers
How do thermal power stations create steam?
By heating water
Why do thermal power stations heat water?
To create steam
How do thermal power stations heat water?
By burning a fuel (storing thermal energy) or using nuclear energy
What does the steam in thermal power stations do?
It pushes the blades of the turbine quickly
What do the blades of the turbine do?
It operates the generator
What does the generator do?
Convert kinetic energy to electrical energy
What are 3 fossil fuels?
Coal, oil, methane gas
Why is burning fossil fuels so problematic?
It’s being used up at a much faster rate, takes millions of years to form, will run out eventually, and is non-renewable.
What happens when you burn fossil fuels?
It releases carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
What is the greenhouse effect?
Sunlight/thermal energy enters the earth. If the same amount enters and exits, the Earth’s temperature is constant. If more energy is trapped , then the Earth’s temperature increases. If more energy is released, the Earth’s temperature decreases.
What would happen if there was no greenhouse effect?
The Earth’s temperature would go down by 15 Degrees Celsius.
What is the name for the planet getting warmer?
Global warming
What happens if the temperature is too high?
Climate change will occur
Why do we need more energy?
Because the population is growing
What happens when we, say , heat homes or grow food?
More carbon dioxide is released, leading to global warming.
What will happen after climate change?
We may not be able to grow the same crops, some species may struggle to survive, the ice caps would melt.
What will happen if the ice caps melt?
Sea levels rise.
Non-renewable energy resources
Coal , oil, natural gas, nuclear
