Transfer of skills Flashcards
What is positive transfer?
Where one skill or situation helps the learning and performance of another.
E.g. the arm action of throwing a ball helps to action of the racquet arm when serving in tennis
What are the effects of positive transfer?
Transfers the S-R bonds of one skill to another
Helps to develop correct motor programmes
What is negative transfer?
Where one skill hinders the learning of another skill
E.g. the flexed arm in throwing hinders the straight arm required for bowling in cricket
What are the effect of negative transfer?
Performer can respond incorrectly to similar stimuli
Difference in kinaesthetic feedback can cause confusion
What is proactive transfer?
Where a previously learned skill affects the current learning of another skill. It can be positive or negative.
E.g. previously learned action of throwing can affect a new skill that looks similar like a serve in volleyball
What is retroactive transfer?
Where the current leaning of a new skill affects the performance of a previously learned skill. Can be positive or negative
E.g. the current learning of a serve in tennis can affect the previously learned throwing action
What is bilateral transfer?
The transfer of learning a skill from one limb to another. Can be positive or negative.
E.g. a football kicking both where the left and right foot
Explain ways a coach can optimise positive transfer
Practice and learning situations should include positive transfer
Build on similar skills to promote transfer
Make learner aware of transferable elements of subroutines
Ensure a clear demonstration
Original skill must be well grooved or overlearned
The closer the practice is to the real situation the greater the chance of positive transfer
Explain ways a coach can limit negative transfer
Apply strategies to optimise positive transfer
Conflicting skills must not follow in sequence during a teaching programme
Learner’s attention must be drawn away from movements that cause negative transfer
The environment the skill is learned must match the real environment
Simplify the task
