Memory models

Question 1

Who proposed the theory of the multi-store memory model?

Answer 1

Atkinson and Shriffin

Question 2

What makes up the multi-store memory model?

Answer 2

Sensory memory
Short term memory
Long term memory

Question 3

What is sensory memory?

Answer 3

A limitless memory store for holding information.
Selective attention occurs (relevant infomation is filtered through STM and irrelevant is lost).
Large capacity
Only holds information for 1 seconds

Question 4

What is the short term memory?

Answer 4

Workspace of memory as information is processed.
Only stores 5-9 pieces of information.
Info is chunked and processed
Comparison is made with LTM and response is selected to out into action via motor programmes.
Stores up to 30 seconds

Question 5

What is the long term memory?

Answer 5

Limitless capacity
Holds information for long periods of time
Only stores info that has meaning and is rehearsed
Info is encoded to store in LTM and decoded to send back to STM for action
If the skill is rehearsed more it becomes more recognisable and automatic

Question 6

What is an imput?

Answer 6

All the information in the form of data or sensory cells is detected from the environmental display

Question 7

What proposed the theory of the level of processing model?

Answer 7

Craik and Lockhart

Question 8

What does the level of processing model show?

Answer 8

It explains how memory wprks and considers what we do with information and how we process it.

Question 9

When will information received by the brain be transferred to the LTM?

Answer 9

When the information is:
- considered
- understood
- has meaning
How much this information is considered is called the depth of processing

Question 10

What is the structural level of processing?

Answer 10

Paying attention to what the words look like and is a shallow level of processing

Question 11

What is the phonetic level of processing?

Answer 11

The way the words sounds and is a deeper level of processing than structural

Question 12

What is the semantic level of processing?

Answer 12

Considers the actual meaning of the information and is the deepest form of processing

Question 13

Explain shallow processing

Answer 13

Shallow processing = shorter lasting memory
- weak memory trace
- physical or sensory features
- maintenance rehearsal
- phonetic processing

Question 14

Explain deep processing

Answer 14

Deep processing = longer lasting memory
- strong memory trace
- meaning of stimulus
- elaborative rehearsal
- semantic processing

Question 15

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of of Atkinson and Shiffrin’s multi-store memory model

Answer 15

+ve: simplifies the memory process to help us understand it, gives us an explanation of why some people with brain damage may have dysfunctional memory
-ve: simplifies the model, the interaction between the STM and LTM is more complicated than what the model explains

Question 16

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of Craik and Lockhart’s level of processing model

Answer 16

+ve: explains that the longer we consider and analyse info the more we remember it, if we understand info well we are more likely to remember it, coaches with good understanding will help performers
-ve: doesn’t take into account individual differences