Stages of learning

Question 1

What happens in the cognitive stage of learning?

Answer 1

Mental image is formed
Learner relies on guidance to perform a skill
Mental rehearsal helps the leaner understand what needs to be done
Concentration is needed for each subroutine
Unable to use intrinsic/kinaesthetic feedback
Unable to adapt performance
Extrinsic feedback requires
Movement lacks fluency
High attention levels

Question 2

What happens in the associative stage of learning?

Answer 2

Matching the mental model with performances
Motor programmes begin to form
Fewer mistakes
Practice occurs
Less reliance on extrinsic feedback
Increased fluency
Longest phase
Consistent
Gain understanding of key components
Adapt performance

Question 3

What happens in the autonomous stage of learning?

Answer 3

Accurate, grooved motor programmes are fully formed
Stored in long term memory
Fluid
Few mistakes
Little conscious control is needed
Easily adapt skills
Use intrinsic/kinaesthetic feedback
Knowledge of how the skill is performed
Learners may revisit the associative stage to finely retune the skill

Question 4

Describe a tennis player moving through the stages of learning

Answer 4

Cognitive = a teacher demonstrates a tennis serve
Associative = tennis player is becoming more consistent, concentrating on height, detect errors
Autonomous = tennis player can now focus on where to place the ball in relation to their opponent rather than technique (tactics/strategies)