Transer Of Skill

Question 1

Definition of positive transfer?

Answer 1

When the learning and performance of one skill helps the learning and performance of another skill

Question 2

Definition of negative transfer?

Answer 2

When the learning and performance of one skill hinders the learning and performance of another skill

Question 3

Definition of bilateral transfer?

Answer 3

The transfer of learning from one limb to another

Question 4

Definition of proactive transfer?

Answer 4

The influence of one skill on a skill yet to be performed

Question 5

Definition of retroactive transfer?

Answer 5

The influence of one skill on the learning or performance of a skill that has been previously learned

Question 6

When is positive transfer likely to take place?

Answer 6

• if the structure and context in which the skills are performed are similar to those used in teaching
• if the information processing requirements in practice are similar to the ones of the actual skill

Question 7

What does the “identical elements theory” suggest?

Answer 7

That the greater the number of components of practice that are relevant to the “real” situation, the more likely positive transfer is to take place and future responses to be correct

Question 8

What does the term “transfer-appropriate processing” mean?

Answer 8

The term is given to the idea that a new skill might be different from any skill performed before, but if the cognitive information processing requirements are similar then positive transfer could occur

Question 9

What can the amount of positive transfer that takes place depend on?

Answer 9

Often depends on how well previously performed skills have been learned
If a skill is broken down into parts, each part must be learned through (part practice) before positive transfer can be maximised

Question 10

Negative transfer is…

Answer 10

• rare
• mostly temporary
• mostly associated with the performer misunderstanding the movement requirements rather than having problems with movement control

Question 11

When does negative transfer often occur?

Answer 11

When a familiar stimulus requires a new response, particularly if the demands of the new response are so similar to the old demands that the player becomes confused

Question 12

What are motor programmes?

Answer 12

Generalised series of movements stored in the long-term memory and each is retrieved by a single decision e.g. A golf swing for an experienced golfer

Question 13

What are the two ways bilateral transfer takes place?

Answer 13

1. The ‘cognitive’ aspects of the skill

2. The motor programme is transferred

Question 14

What does the ‘cognitive’ aspects of the skill involve?

Answer 14

Our understanding of what is required e.g a football player has an idea of how the non-preferred limb might operate

Question 15

What is involved in the transfer of the motor programme in bilateral transfer?

Answer 15

The pattern of movement that is learned almost automatically for one limb is used subconsciously when the other limb is used

Question 16

When learning a skill and to be able to execute a skill using both sides of the body how is it best to practice?

Answer 16

It is best to practice first with the preferred limb and then once throughly learned, to practise with the non-preferred limb

Question 17

What is asymmetrical training?

Answer 17

When one limb is used

Question 18

What is symmetrical training?

Answer 18

When both limbs are trained at the same time