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Gary's lectures > Transdermal delivery of drugs > Flashcards

Transdermal delivery of drugs Flashcards

1
Q

The hypodermis contains most of the blood vessels in the skin. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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2
Q

The dermis of the skin has connective tissue which contains fibrous proteins and mucopolysaccharide gel. TRUE OR FLASE?

A

TRUE

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3
Q

what is present in fibrous proteins?

A

collagen, elastin and reticulin.

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4
Q

The dermis is for heat regulation, nurteints and waste products. TRUE OR FLASE?

A

TRUE

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5
Q

the epidermis is hwere immune response occurs. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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6
Q

the three appendages found in the skin are from the epidermis. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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7
Q

What are the three types of appendages present in the epidermis?

A
  • Eccrine sweat glands
  • Approcrine glands - produce milky protein solution
  • Hair follicle and subcutaneous
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8
Q

Sebacous gland produces sebum. TRUE OR FLASE?

A

TRUE

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9
Q

What is contained in the sebum?

A
  • Glycerides, cholesterol, waxes and fatty acids
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10
Q

Overactivity of this gland leads to blockage of pilosebaceous gland. TRUE OR FLASE?

A

TRUE

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11
Q

what is skin irritation?

A
  • Irritation of the nerve endings in the epidermis
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12
Q

Sebum can be the first barrier to drug absorption. TRUE OR FLASE?

A

TRUE

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13
Q

The epidermis contains the stratum spinosum which contains 2-6 rows of keratinocytes. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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14
Q

The epidermis contains different types of stratum corneum (spinosum, granulosum and lucidum) which have different type of keratinocytes. TREU OR FALASE?

A

TRUE

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15
Q

Which structure of the skin is the main barrier to percutaneous absorption?

A
  • The stratum corneum
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16
Q

Te stratum corneum consist of dead and keratinitis cells. TRUE OR FLASE?

A

TRUE

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17
Q

what is the cell layers of the stratum corneum?

A
  • 10-15 cell layers
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18
Q

The thickness of the stratum corneum varies across different parts of the body. TRUE OR FLASE?

A

TRUE

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19
Q

The stratum corneum is very lipophilic strutcure and contains stratified epithelium. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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20
Q

The tsratum corneum controls transepidermal water loss. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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21
Q

The horny layer of the skin is closely meshed system of horny cells and lipid layers. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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22
Q

The lipid system between the horny cells serves as a cement and a barrier. TRUE OR FLASE?

A

TRUE

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23
Q

which components form the form the lamellar liquid crystalline lipid system?

A
  • horny layer
  • Fatty acids
  • Triglycerides
  • cholesterol
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24
Q

What are the three routes across the skin?

A
  • Intercelleluar - around the cells
  • Intracellular - through the cells (also known as paracellular)
  • Transappedegeal - thogu the appendages
25
Q

what is atopic ezcma?

A
  • a form of allergen that causes skin hypersensitivity to occur to a part of the body that is not in cotanct with the allergen
26
Q

what are the causes of eczma?

A
  • Irritant contact dermatitis
  • Allergic contact dermatitis
  • Photosensitive dermatitis
27
Q

Eczma herpeticum is very rare. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

28
Q

What is the treatment cycle for eczma herpeticum?

A
  • Break itch cycle
  • Avoid triggers
  • control exacerbations
  • provide emollients for skin hydration
29
Q

Drug delivery is both to the skin and via the skin. TRUE OR FALSE/

A

TRUE

30
Q

What is drug delivery to the skin?

A
  • Delivery of the drug to the target site in the skin
31
Q

what is drug delivery via the skin?

A
  • the passage the drug fromulation has to take in order to deliver the drug to a different site in the body
32
Q

What are the fundamental “barriers” to improving adherence in topical and transdermal formulations?

A
  • The stratum corneum barrier
  • The obssession with strength concentration
  • Barriers to the introduction of cosemecueticals
33
Q

What is the permeation of chemicals and drugs across the skin dependent upon?

A
  • Concentration of chemical or drug
  • the diffusivity of the drug across the skin
  • the thickness of the skin
  • the effects of the products applied ot the skin
34
Q

hwo is permeability measured?

A
  • Using the franz type diffusion of cells
35
Q

what is passive diffusion?

A
  • The movement of matter from one region to another via random movement
36
Q

The rate of transfer (the flux) per unit area is proportional to the concentration gradient across a membrane (i.e. skin). TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

37
Q

The permeability coefficient is effectively the rate of diffusion. true or false?

A

true

38
Q

Flux (rate of transport) is directly proportional to the concentration gradient across the skin (Ficks law of diffusion). TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

39
Q

what is ficks first law?

A

F ~ DSv* “Pc” * Dc/ h

40
Q

Ficks first law drives the drug delivery technology. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

41
Q

what is Ibuprofen transport enhanced by?

A

propylene glycol

42
Q

what is Diclofenac transport enhanced by?

A

isopropyl myristate-propylene glyco

43
Q

what is the basic form of ficks law?

A

Kp= J/ ∆Cm

44
Q

Aciclovir transport is enhanced by propylene glycol. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

true

45
Q

what are the ways of increasing drug absorptio across the skin?

A
  • Faciltitate passive diffusion by using co-solvents/solvents/penetrating enhancers
  • Physical and biological barriers e.g iontophoresis (electricla current), sonofication (ultrasound) and microfabrcated needles
46
Q

what is a chemical penetration enhancer?

A
  • A chemical that interact with the skin and changes the structure of the stratum corneum therefore changing its permeability e.g Ethanol
47
Q

what are the ideal properties of penetration enhancers?

A
  • Non toxic
  • Pharmacologically inert
  • Provides penetration instantly
  • Allows the skin to recover
  • Compliant with drugs and other excipients
48
Q

how does penetrating enhancer DMSO work?

A
  • it solubilises the skins lipid and proteins altering skin barrier and function
49
Q

what is iontophoresis?

A
  • The facilitation of drug delivery via the use of electrical current
50
Q

Iontophoresis is based upon charge repulsion. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

51
Q

what are the key issues with iontophoresis?

A
  • Corneal scarring
  • burning of the skin
  • Patient shock
  • Transiet efficacy
52
Q

what is the main penetrate route for iontophoresis?

A
  • Sweat glands, hair follicles and sebacous gland
53
Q

what is the isoeletric point?

A
  • The ph at which a moleule carries no net electrical charge
54
Q

what is the isoelectric point of the skin?

A

between PH 3 and 4

55
Q

Positively charged drugs, therefore, penetrate the skin across the shunt route more rapidly than negatively charged ions, which have to overcome electrostatic repulsion from the charged groups on the skin surface . True or false?

A

true

56
Q

What factors affect iontophoresis?

A
  • ionisation and electrolysis
  • pH
  • Molecular size
57
Q

what are the disadvantages of iontophoresis?

A
  • Reported burns
  • Expenses
  • itching and erythema
  • Eletric shock
58
Q

what is the four main functions of isulin watch?

A
  • glucose monitoring and time keeping
  • setting of alarms
  • emergency communication mode

Gary's lectures (7 decks)

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