Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Gary's lectures > Nasal, ocular and otic drug delivery > Flashcards

Nasal, ocular and otic drug delivery Flashcards

1
Q

What is local and systemic delivery?

A
  • Local delivery is delivery directed to the target site

- Systemic delivery is delivery via a different pathway to reach targe site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are ophthalmic drugs? Provide a few examples

A
  • These are drugs used to treat and diagnose ocular diseases
  • e.g eye lotions, ointments, contact lens, solutions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ocular delivery is mostly local delivery. TRUE OR FLASE?

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the systemic conditions that can lead to ocular diseaes?

A
  • Hyperntension

- Diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the local ocular conditions?

A
  • Catarct
  • Glaucoma
  • macular degeneration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the advantages and disadvantages of ocular drug delivery?

A

Advantages:

  • Reduced systemic effects
  • Reduced required doses

Disadvantages

  • patient compliance
  • Sensitivity of the eye to medications
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what structure of the eye is the main pathway for drugs to diffuse into the eye?

A
  • The cornea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the thickness of the cornea and what endothlial cell types makes this up?

A
  • O.5-0.7mm

- Stratified endothelial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Intravetrial delivery is delivery with injection into the vitreous humour between the lens and the retina. TRUE OR FLASE?

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is A sub-tenon’s injection?

A
  • Used as a local anaesthtic in the equator of the eye but can be used to delivery drugs to treat posterior segment inflammation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does subconjuctival injection drugs used to deliver?

A
  • Anti-effective drugs or corticosteriods if not responding to topicl therapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In subconjuctival injection the drug is delivered from anterior to the posterior chambers into the vitreous humor. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Only small volumes of injections are provided (1ml) with subconjuctival injections issues of repeated injection and patient compliance. TRUE OR FLASE?

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where are tears produced?

A

in the lacrimal gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Six muscles extend from the socket t the eye balls which helps with eye movement. true or false?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What glaucoma?

A
  • It is a group of disorder characterised by the loss of vision due to nerve damage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what causes acute-angle glaucoma?

A
  • osbcured outflow of aqueous humour via trabecular meshwork
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What pharmaceutical interventios can be used to treat this?

A
  • Beta blokers
  • Sympathometitcs - incresae oevscleral otflow
  • Miotics
  • Prostanglandins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why ahve intra-ocular devices been developed?

A
  • They provide sustain release of drugs
  • Allows for accurate dosing
  • patient compliance is improved
  • can provide drug release over a long period of time
  • reduction in systemic adsorption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the disadvantages of intra-ocular devices?

A
  • Implants have to removed surgically
  • Tissue toxicity with polymers
  • Patient compliance with having a solid object inserted into the eye
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the two types of solid devices?

A
  • Biodegradble e.g PVA and PVP

- Non-biodegradable which are better accuracy for dosing (including vinyl polethyethyl acetate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ophthlamic drugs are avilable as sterile, buffered or isotonic solutions. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the charactersitics of opthlamic drug delivery?

A
  • Non-irritant
  • Non greasy
  • Homogenous
  • Sterile
  • Physically and chemically stable
  • Should not affect vision
24
Q

What are common excipients used in ocular drugs?

A
  • Viscosity modifiers
  • Polymers
  • Phase transition system (based on changes in pH or temperature)
  • Dispersed systems including liposomes and suspensions
25
Viscosity modifiers is an interfacial phenomena associated with hydrogen bonding. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
26
What do viscosity midifers do? (ads)
- Increase contact time - Increases contact time with tissue - Allows localisation and retention of dosage forms
27
Polymers are often used for controlled, prolonged, modified drug release. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
28
Timolol is a beta blocker used to treat raised intraocular pressure. TRUE OR FLASE?
- TRUE
29
Timolol although it is admnistered locally as eye drop it get absorbed systemiclaly as well leading to side effects. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
30
What are the local and systemic side effects of timolol?
Local: - redness, inflammation, itching Systemic: - Contraindicated in patients with bradycardia and heart block
31
Otic delivery is delivery to the ear canal. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
32
Most otic drugs are aqueous or oily solutions. TRUE OR FLASE?
TRUE
33
Anti-oxidants are often used to improve stability of the produtc (otic products). TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
34
Why use nasal delivery instead of buccal or oral?
- Faster onset of time - no gastric destruction by low pH and no first pass metabolism - patients types - Buccal medications require retention of dosage form
35
what are the advantages of nasal delivery?
- Faster onset of action - Ease of adminstration - Bypasses first pass metabolism - avoids systemic side effects - improved compliance
36
What are the disavantage of nasal drug delivery?
- Local metabolism - absorption depends health of mucosa - Limited number of medications
37
What does desmopressin do and how is it administered?
- It increases levels of ADH and decreases urine production during sleep - Administered as a nasal spray
38
what is the pH of the nasal cavity?
- 5.5-6.0
39
What are the two types of mucous?
- Inner watery layer | - Outer viscous layer
40
What is the thickness of the mucous layer?
- 5-20micrometers
41
Overdosed drug can flow into the GI tract causing systemic or unwantd side effects. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
42
AT what frequency does the cilia beat?
- 10 Hz
43
what is the turn over time?
- 10-15 minutes
44
What types of drugs are affected bylocal metabolism of nasal srugs?
- Peptide drugs
45
Progesterone and testosterone have a nasal bioavailability of 100%. TRUE OR FLASE?
TRUE
46
What are the physochemical factors affecting nasal absorption?
- Molecular weigth - pH (ionisation) - Solubility - rate of dissolution - Particle size (smaller particles can end up in the blood)
47
what an you do to imrpove nasal adminstration?
- Control nasal pH - Maintain tonicity - Choice of vehicle - Inclusion of antioxidants and preservatives
48
What is imapction?
- The turbulent airfow of large particles
49
What is sedimentation depend upon?
- Airflow velocity
50
what are the three types of nasal formulations?
- Squeeze bottles - Metered dosing - Nasal drops (liquids)
51
Betnesol-N is simple and cheap, but requires preservatives and can be soothing to the nasal mucos. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
52
Betnesol is an example of a nasal liquid formulation. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
53
Squeeze bottles are the partially atomised liquids. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
54
Give an example of a metered dose pump drug?
Rhinolast
55
Metered dose pumps provide greater control. TRUE OR FLASE?
TRUE
56
Larger volumes tend to be cleared faster than smaller volumes. TRUE OR FLASE?
TRUE
57
particle size, droplet size is important for delivery. TRUE OR FLASE?
TRUE

Gary's lectures (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions