Nasal, ocular and otic drug delivery Flashcards
What is local and systemic delivery?
- Local delivery is delivery directed to the target site
- Systemic delivery is delivery via a different pathway to reach targe site
What are ophthalmic drugs? Provide a few examples
- These are drugs used to treat and diagnose ocular diseases
- e.g eye lotions, ointments, contact lens, solutions
ocular delivery is mostly local delivery. TRUE OR FLASE?
TRUE
What are the systemic conditions that can lead to ocular diseaes?
- Hyperntension
- Diabetes
What are the local ocular conditions?
- Catarct
- Glaucoma
- macular degeneration
what are the advantages and disadvantages of ocular drug delivery?
Advantages:
- Reduced systemic effects
- Reduced required doses
Disadvantages
- patient compliance
- Sensitivity of the eye to medications
what structure of the eye is the main pathway for drugs to diffuse into the eye?
- The cornea
What is the thickness of the cornea and what endothlial cell types makes this up?
- O.5-0.7mm
- Stratified endothelial
Intravetrial delivery is delivery with injection into the vitreous humour between the lens and the retina. TRUE OR FLASE?
TRUE
What is A sub-tenon’s injection?
- Used as a local anaesthtic in the equator of the eye but can be used to delivery drugs to treat posterior segment inflammation
What does subconjuctival injection drugs used to deliver?
- Anti-effective drugs or corticosteriods if not responding to topicl therapy
In subconjuctival injection the drug is delivered from anterior to the posterior chambers into the vitreous humor. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
Only small volumes of injections are provided (1ml) with subconjuctival injections issues of repeated injection and patient compliance. TRUE OR FLASE?
TRUE
Where are tears produced?
in the lacrimal gland
Six muscles extend from the socket t the eye balls which helps with eye movement. true or false?
True
What glaucoma?
- It is a group of disorder characterised by the loss of vision due to nerve damage
what causes acute-angle glaucoma?
- osbcured outflow of aqueous humour via trabecular meshwork
What pharmaceutical interventios can be used to treat this?
- Beta blokers
- Sympathometitcs - incresae oevscleral otflow
- Miotics
- Prostanglandins
Why ahve intra-ocular devices been developed?
- They provide sustain release of drugs
- Allows for accurate dosing
- patient compliance is improved
- can provide drug release over a long period of time
- reduction in systemic adsorption
what are the disadvantages of intra-ocular devices?
- Implants have to removed surgically
- Tissue toxicity with polymers
- Patient compliance with having a solid object inserted into the eye
what are the two types of solid devices?
- Biodegradble e.g PVA and PVP
- Non-biodegradable which are better accuracy for dosing (including vinyl polethyethyl acetate)
Ophthlamic drugs are avilable as sterile, buffered or isotonic solutions. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE