Routes of administration Flashcards
Form of the drug will influence the route of administration / formulation choice. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
Solubility determines injection volumes; greater solubility means a drug can be injected in smaller volumes. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
Cachectic patients (i.e
muscle wastage) and for
subcutaneous use
lipid solubility is important for partitioning in biological systems, such as blood-brain barrier partitioning. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
What is biovailability?
The fraction/ concentration of the drug that reaches systemic circulation and to its targeted effect
Give an example of a drug that has similar biovailability to that of IV?
antibiotic ciprofloxacin - it is well absorbed by the gastrointestinal mucosa
Give an example of a drug that has low bioavilability?
beta-blocker propranolol when given orally is administered in doses of 40mg and above. The equivalent IV dose is 1mg
The route of administration and its formulation (tablet, capsule, liquid) can
clearly influence the bioavailability of a drug. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
What is a dosage form?
It describes the physical form in which the drug is delivered to the body
what is an Excipients?
Allows for effective administration and delivery of a drug e.g injections (isotonic solutions) and tablets (disintergrates)
What is the role of Excipients in drug formulation and delivery?
- Diluents
- Surfactants - emusifying, suspensions can change drug bioavailability
- Lubricants - can help distintegrants tablets and capsules/ reduces friction during manufacture e.g manufacturing of diprivan used in rubber bug
- Changes viscosity
- Flavouring and colour
What are the main considerations for effective administration of drug?
- The physicochemical properties of the drug
- Biopharmaceutical considerations, for example, how the route of administration of a dosage form affects the rate and extent of drug absorption in the body
- Therapeutic considerations of the disease state to be treated, which in turn decide the most suitable type of dosage form, possible routes of administration
- Clinical compliance
- Product safety
- Regulatory issues
Give examples of different types of routes of administrations?
Oral, rectal, vaginal, buccal, pulmonary respiration, parenteral, nasal, eye
What is Systemic or local delivery?
Systemic – Delivery of the drug to a site other than that to which it is applied, i.e. a transdermal patch delivers, a hormone across the skin
Local – Delivery of the drug directly to the intended site
of action, i.e. eye drops, creams, etc.
What is the onset time of a drug?
The speed at which the drug action commences will vary according to the route of administration.
Give an example of a drug that has different types of administration routes?
Glyceryl trinitrate: – Prophylaxis and treatment of angina; left ventricular
failure – Several different routes of administration
• i.e. sublingual sprays and tablets, buccal tablets, tablets, various
transdermals, etc. (cf. BNF)