transcription & translation Flashcards
what is translation
translation is the process of translating the sequence of an mRNA molecule to a chain of amino acids during protein synthesis
what is transcription
transcription is the process of making a rna copy of a gene sequence
how does transcription work
transcription works by copying the dna information into a new molecule of mRNA which then serve as blueprints for protein synthesis during the process of translation
how does translation work
translation works by using codons and each codon in the mRNA specifies an amino acid
where does the translation process occur
ribosome
where does transcription occur
nucleus
what are amino acids
amino acids are the building blocks for protein
what is the process of transcription
the double-stranded dna needs to be unzipped so an enzyme can come in and read the dna code on one of the dna strands. as the enzyme reads the code and builds a copy of the gene using rna nucleotides, the mRNA peels away from the template strand, and the dna double strands rejoin so the mRNA can then leave the nucleus and go to the site of protein production; the ribosomes
what is the process of translation
the process of translation occurs when the mRNA reaches the cytoplasm to create the necessary protein. this involves decoding the mRNA and bringing its information to build a polypeptide or a chain of amino acids for protein synthesis. the mRNA and tRNA are brought together for the translation process in the ribosomes. amino acids are also brought to the ribosomes by tRNA and are linked together to create an amino acid chain (via codons). after being translated a polypeptide is released and can do its job in the cell.
why do all mRNA strands start with AUG
the codon AUG is known as the start codon as it is the first codon in the transcribed mRNA that undergoes translation
