dna and chromosomes

Question 1

what does dna stand for

Answer 1

dna stands for deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

describe the structure of dna

Answer 2

the dna structure is formerly known as a double helix but can also be commonly known as a twisted ladder. the double helix is formed by 2 strands of dna

Question 3

what is the backbone of dna made up of

Answer 3

the backbone of dna is made up of a 5 carbon sugar molecule and a negatively charged phosphate group

Question 4

what are the complementary pairings for thymine, adenine, guanine and cytosine

Answer 4

thymine pairs with adenine and guanine pairs up cytosine

Question 5

list 3 differences about dna and rna

Answer 5

1. dna does not have uracil but rna does
2. the nucleus cannot leave the dna but in rna it can
3. dna is double-stranded whereas rna is single stranded

Question 6

list the 3 components that make up a nucleotide

Answer 6

1. 5 carbon sugar molecule
2. nitrogenous base (adenine,thymine,cytosine,guanine)
3. negatively charged phosphate group

Question 7

what are the bases of dna

Answer 7

1. adenine
2. thymine
   3 guanine
3. cytosine

Question 8

how are the complementary pairings held together

Answer 8

the complementary pairings are held together by hydrogen bonds

Question 9

where is the dna located

Answer 9

in the nucleus

Question 10

what are the bases for rna

Answer 10

uracil, guanine, cytosine, adenine

Question 11

what letter represent uracil in rna and what does it pair up with

Answer 11

u & uracil pairs up with adenine

Question 12

what is dna

Answer 12

dna is the genetic makeup that carries the instructions for life. dna is also polymer as it is made up of a numerous amount of nucleotides

Question 13

what do the nucleotides do

Answer 13

the nucleotides bind together in the middle of the dna structure using hydrogen bonds

Question 14

how many hydrogen bonds do adenine and thymine form

Answer 14

2

Question 15

how many hydrogen bonds do cytosine and guanine form

Answer 15

3

Question 16

what is a gene

Answer 16

a gene is the length of a chromosome and are the units of inheritance

Question 17

what is the purpose of a gene

Answer 17

they hold specific instructions required for making all of the protein in our bodies

Question 18

what are the 4 types of biomacromolecules

Answer 18

lipids, nucleic acids, proteins and carbohydrates

Question 19

what is found in nucleic acids

Answer 19

dna and rna

Question 20

what is the relationship between dna, chromosomes and genes

Answer 20

the relationship with dna, chromosomes and genes is that they all correlate with one another. genes are segments of dna, chromosomes are tightly wound structures of dna that contain an individuals genes and genes are contained in chromosomes that are in the nucleus

Question 21

why is dna replication necessary

Answer 21

the dna needs to be replicated so that when the cells undergo cytokinesis they have the same amount of genetic material as the parent cell