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Genetics Lecture > Transcription in Eukaryotes/RNA Modification (I) > Flashcards

Transcription in Eukaryotes/RNA Modification (I) Flashcards

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1
Q

How many RNA pols are in eukaryotic cells?

A

There are three different RNA pols
I, II, and III

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2
Q

How many RNA pols are in bacterial cells?

A

There is only one RNA pol in bacterial cells

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3
Q

What does RNA pol I transcribe?

A

Most genes that encode rRNAs

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4
Q

What does RNA pol II transcribe?

A

All genes that encode mRNAs
Some genes that encode snRNAs

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5
Q

What does RNA pol III transcribe?

A

All genes that encode tRNAs
All genes that encode 5S rRNA (?)
Some genes that encode snRNAs

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6
Q

When do eukaryotic RNA pols terminate transcription?

A

When they encounter terminators at the end of a region

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7
Q

What are the similarities between E. coli RNA pol-transcribed genes and eukaryotic RNA pol I or III-transcribed genes?

A

They both have an A—T rich region that destabilizes base pairing between the RNA and template strands in the open complex

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8
Q

The process of termination for RNA pol I-transcribes genes is similar to what?

A

Rho-dependent termination in E. coli; proteins other than RNA pol I are required for termination

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9
Q

Termination of RNA pol III-transcribed genes is similar to what?

A

Rho-independent termination; other proteins are not required for termination

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10
Q

What is the terminator for RNA pol II-transcribed genes called?

A

The polyadenylation signal sequence
The polyA signal sequence

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11
Q

What is termination coupled to? (?)

A

A specific modification to the RNA that occurs after transcription

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12
Q

What happens to RNAs in eukaryotic cells after transcription?

A

RNAs often undergo several modifications after transcription

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13
Q

Where does RNA modification occur?

A

In the nucleus, before a mRNA is translated and before noncoding RNAs achieve their final form

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14
Q

What are some important RNA modifications?

A

Processing
Splicing
Base modification
5’ capping
3’ polyadenylation

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15
Q

What occurs during processing?

A

Portions of a single transcript are removed to create one or more functional products

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16
Q

What is a common modification to rRNAs and tRNAs?

A

Processing

17
Q

What is an example of processing in rRNA ?

A

A single large RNA is transcribed from a rRNA gene. Once the transcript has been produced, portions of the RNA are removed, making three smaller transcripts.
The smaller transcripts are the final functional products of the gene

18
Q

What is an example of processing in tRNA?

A

A single large RNA is transcribed from the tRNA gene. Portions of the transcript are enzymatically removed to create one smaller final product

19
Q

What is splicing?

A

The removal of introns from a transcript

20
Q

What are introns?

A

Non-coding sequences within a transcript that lie between coding sequences (exons)

21
Q

How does splicing work?

A

Introns are removed and exons are joined together to create one uninterrupted coding sequence

22
Q

Which RNA participates in the process of splicing?

A

snRNA

23
Q

What is a common modification to mRNAs and some rRNAs and tRNAs?

A

Splicing

24
Q

What is splicing similar to?

A

The removal of introns from a transcript

25
Q

What is base modification?

A

The chemical alteration of bases within a transcript

26
Q

What modification very commonly occurs in tRNAs?

A

Base modification

27
Q

What modification very commonly occurs to mRNAs?

A

Capping and polyA tailing

28
Q

What is capping?

A

The addition of 7-methylguanosine monophosphate to the 5’ end of an mRNA

29
Q

What is the importance of capping?

A

It is needed for exon splicing, the transport of the RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and for the attachment of the ribosome to the RNA at the start of translation

30
Q

What is polyadenylation/polyA tailing?

A

The addition of multiple adenosine monophosphates to the 3’ end of a transcript
The number of nucleotides varies from a few dozen to several hundred

31
Q

What does polyA tailing do to RNA?

A

It helps stabilize the RNA and prevents it from being degraded
It is necessary for the translation of the RNA

Genetics Lecture (17 decks)

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