Transcription in Eukaryotes

Question 1

snRNA

Answer 1

small nuclear RNA

Question 2

miRNA

Answer 2

micro RNA

Question 3

siRNA

Answer 3

small interfering RNA

Question 4

ncRNA

Answer 4

non-coding RNA

Question 5

CRISPR RNA

Answer 5

crRNA

Question 6

What is the only type of RNA that undergoes translation?

Answer 6

mRNA

Question 7

Functional RNAs

Answer 7

• Do not encode proteins but perform functional roles in the cell.

-tRNA and rRNA

Question 8

tRNA function

Answer 8

• transport amino acids into ribosome for inclusion into a growing protein chain

Question 9

rRNA function

Answer 9

folds and assembles along with numerous proteins to form ribosomes

Question 10

snRNA function

Answer 10

found in nucleus of eukaryotes and plays a role in pre-mRNA processing

Question 11

miRNA and siRNA functions

Answer 11

active in plant and animal cells and involved in post transcriptional regulation of mRNA. Repression of translation

Question 12

Which RNA carries genetic information that codes for protein?

Answer 12

mRNA

Question 13

Ribozymes form ribosomes T/F?

Answer 13

False

Question 14

CRSIPR RNA function

Answer 14

defend host (always bacterial cells) from attack by bacteriophage

Question 15

How many RNA polymerases are there in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 15

3

Question 16

RNA polymerase I

Answer 16

transcribes 3 ribosomal RNA genes

Question 17

RNA polymerase II

Answer 17

transcribes protein coding genes and most small nuclear RNA genes

Question 18

RNA polymerase III

Answer 18

transcribes tRNA and snRNA and one ribosomal RNA

Question 19

What RNA polymerase(s) transcribe miRNA and siRNA?

Answer 19

RNA pol II and III

Question 20

Polymerase transcribing mRNA

Answer 20

RNA Pol II

Question 21

Polymerase transcribing tRNA

Answer 21

RNA Pol III

Question 22

Polymerase transcribing rRNA

Answer 22

RNA Pol I. EXCEPT rRNA 5S TRANSCRIBED BY RNA POL III

Question 23

Polymerase transcribing snRNA

Answer 23

RNA Pol II. EXCEPT snRNA U6 TRANSCRIBED BY RNA POL III

Question 24

Polymerase transcribing miRNA

Answer 24

RNA Pol II

Question 25

Polymerase transcribing siRNA

Answer 25

RNA Pol III

Question 26

Different between prokaryotic and eukaryotic RNA polymerases

Answer 26

Archaea and eukaryotic pol II have 6-8 additional sununits

Question 27

Promoter region is an integral part of the coding sequence of a gene T/F?

Answer 27

False

Question 28

Function of promoter region

Answer 28

Controls access of RNA polymerase to gene. Upstream at 5’

Question 29

First nucleotide in transcript

Answer 29

+1 nt

Question 30

Function of termination region

Answer 30

Regulates cessation of transcription downstream at 3’.

Question 31

What must the mRNA remove before it can be translated?

Answer 31

Introns

Question 32

Non-template DNA other words

Answer 32

Sense strand, coding strand

Question 33

Template DNA other words

Answer 33

Antisense strand, non-coding strand

Question 34

Difference in promoter sequences between bacteria and eukaryotes

Answer 34

Bacteria: promoter sequences act as binding site for RNA polymerase

Eukaryotes: act as binding sites for proteins that act to alter accessibility to RNA polymerase

Question 35

Transcription factors

Answer 35

Proteins that bind to promoter sequences to activate RNA polymerase

Question 36

General transcription

Answer 36

-Required for all or many genes
- Found in cells at all times, housekeeping

Question 37

Specific transcription

Answer 37

• Activate/inactivate one or a few genes
  -Found in a tissue specific or time specific fashion

Question 38

3 common elements making up promoter sequences

Answer 38

1. TATA
2. CAAT
3. GC- rich

Question 39

Most common eukaryotic promoter sequence

Answer 39

TATA box, positioned at ~ -25

Question 40

Where is CAAT box often found at

Answer 40

~-80

Question 41

Where is GC-rich box often found at?

Answer 41

~-90 or further upstream

Question 42

What 3 lines of investigation help researchers identify and characterize promoters of different genes?

Answer 42

1. Determining sequences of DNA fragments or short regions of DNA RNA Pol II are bound to during transcription
2. Sequences are compared to identify similarities
3. Mutations examined

Question 43

RNA Pol II directly binds to eukaryotic promoter regions in the gene sequences T/F?

Answer 43

False