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molecular bio midterm 1 > DNA Organization > Flashcards

DNA Organization Flashcards

1
Q

What is the end-to-end length of Human DNA?

A

1.02 m

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2
Q

What are the levels of DNA organization?

A
  1. Supercoiling
  2. Nucleosomes
  3. Chromatosomes
  4. Solenoids
  5. looping onto matrix
  6. higher order coiling
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3
Q

What is a virus?

A

non-cellular infectious particle containing a small nucleic acid genome w/ limited number of genes

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4
Q

What is bacteriophage?

A

A virus that infects bacteria

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5
Q

What does a non-enveloped virus contain?

A

Genetic material in only a protein shell (capsid)

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6
Q

What does an enveloped virus contain?

A

An envelope of host cell cytoplasmic membrane surrounding the capsid

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7
Q

What kind of DNA do bacterial chromosomes have?

A

Haploid, single chromosome, circular double stranded DNA

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8
Q

What is the region called that chromosomes are packed into in a bacteria?

A

Nucleoid. ONLY IN PROKARYOTES, NUCLEOSOME IN EUKARYOTES

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9
Q

What do topoisomerase do?

A

Maintain DNA in OPTIMAL supercoiled state. Partially unwind supercoiled DNA to relieve torsional stresses that result from supercoiling

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10
Q

Why does Gram- positive bacteria have such a wide genome range?

A

Bc there are less number of genes compared to Gram- negative. Many repeating units

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11
Q

What is chromatin?

A

DNA and associated proteins of a EUKARYOTIC chromosome

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12
Q

What do histone proteins do?

A

Tightly bind DNA

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13
Q

What histones are present in chromatin?

A

H1, H2A, H2B, H3, H4

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14
Q

What is the number of histone proteins present in a nucleosome?

A
  1. 2: H2A, H2B, H3, H4
  • dimers –> H3-H4 & H2A-H2B tetramers –> octamers
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15
Q

How many base pairs of DNA can wrap around histone proteins?

A

146

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16
Q

What is the region between nucleosomes called?

A

Linker DNA

17
Q

H1 + nucleosome =?

A

Chromatosome. H1 may associate with linker DNA

18
Q

Euchromatin

A

Regions containing actively expressed genes and less condensed during interphase

19
Q

Heterochromatin

A

remain condensed in interphase and contain fewer expressed genes. **METHYLATION

20
Q

Facultative heterochromatin

A

Variable lengths of condensation related to levels of transcription of resident genes

21
Q

Constitutive heterochromatin

A

Permanently condensed found in centromeres and telomeres, composed primarily of repetitive DNA sequences

22
Q

What can gene expression or silencing be dictated by?

A

Chromatin structure

molecular bio midterm 1 (7 decks)

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