Transcription and Translation Flashcards
This is the process which DNA directs protein synthesis that includes Transcription & Translation
Gene Expression
This contains information transcribed from DNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
This is the main component of the ribosome where polypeptide chains are built
Ribosomal RNA(rRNA)
This delivers amino acids
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
True or False; the following are the principles of Transcription & Translation
- RNA bridge between genes and the proteins they code for
- Translation synthesis of polypeptide using info in mRNA
- Transcription synthesis of RNA using information from DNA
- Ribosomes site of translation
True
In transcription they use the ______ sequence of a gene to synthesize a complementary strand of RNA
Nucleotide
RNA synthesis is activated by this polymerase that pries the DNA strands apart and joins together the RNA nucleotides
RNA Polymerase
In the first step of Transcription, Initiation means?
Binding of RNA polymerase and initiation of Transcription
The DNA sequence where RNA polymerase attaches is called?
Promoter
This is the stretch of DNA that’s transcribed
Transcription Unit
This guides RNA polymerase II
Transcription Factors
This is composed of transcription factors, RNA polymerase II, and promoter
Transcription Initiation Complex
As it moves RNA Polymerase II adds nucleotide to what?
The 3’ end of the growing RNA molecule
In elongation what happens as the RNA polymerase moves along the DNA ?
Untwists the double helix (10-20 bases at a time)
True or False:
Double helix reforms once newly synthesized RNA molecule peels away from the DNA template?
True
Where does Transcription happen?
Nucleus
Translation happens where?
Ribosomes (Site of protein synthesis)
This signals protein to cut RNA transcript from polymerase
Polyadenylation Signal
This step is where RNA polymerase II transcribes polyadenylation signal sequence (RNA transcript is released)
Termination
This is where enzymes in the eukaryotic nucleus
modify pre-mRNA (RNA processing) before the genetic messages are dispatched to the cytoplasm.
Post-Transcriptional modifications
In Alternation of mRNA ends, 5’ end receives a modified nucleotide 5’ cap. While 3’ end gets what?
Poly-A-tail
This makes the mRNA molecule have a continuous coding
RNA Splicing
This cuts out the non-coding segment
Introns
This is the coding segment
Exons
This cuts out introns
Splicesome
This converts genetic information carried by mRNA to a new polypeptide chain
Translation
This is a series of non-overlapping, three-nucleotide words
Codons: Triplet code
The words of a gene are transcribed into
complementary nonoverlapping _______
three-nucleotide words of mRNA
These words are translated into what to form a polypeptideping three-nucleotide words of mRNA
Chain of amino acids
During the initiation of Translation, this is the binding of 1st tRNA carrying an anti-codon to the start codon (AUG) of mRNA
P site
The completion of the Translation initiation complex consists of
Small ribosomal unit, P site, and the attachment of large ribosomal unit
Refers to the growth of polypeptide chains
Elongation
True or False:
Elongation in Translation has 3 steps:
- Accepting/recognition - A Site
- Processing/peptide bond formation - P Site
- Exit/translocation - E Site
True
Once it reaches one of the three-stop-codons (UGA, UAA UAG) and dissociation of the translation initiation complex. This step will happen
Termination
This is determined by inherited genetic information.
Primary Structure
The primary structure of a protein is the?
Sequence of amino acids
This is where synthesis and a polypeptide chain begins to coil & fold spontaneously into a 3D molecule with secondary and tertiary structure
Protein Folding and Post-Translational Modifications
This determines the primary structure
Gene
The primary structure determines what?
Shape
This may be required before the protein does its part in the cell.
Post-translational modifications
True or False:
In order for the specified polypeptide to be produced the codons must be read in the correct reading frame.
True
There are a total of 64 triplets, 3 triplets are “stop” signals to end translation while the 61 are codes for?
Amino Acids
