DNA Structure and DNA Replication Flashcards
This directs the synthesis of mRNA and controls protein synthesis through mRNA
DNA Replication
These are unbranched polymers composed of nucleotides (monomers)
DNA & RNA
Each nucleotide is made up of these components
Nitrogenous Base, Pentose Sugar, and Phosphate Groups
This bond connects the 5’ carbon of one nucleotide to the 3’ carbon of another nucleotide
Phosphodiester Bonds
This bond holds two strands of DNA together.
Hydrogen Bond
This copies DNA to RNA
Transcription
Copies DNA to DNA
Replication
This rule states that each base has a specific partner. (Guanine with Cytosine, Adenine with Thymine, or Adenine with Uracil)
Chargaff’s Rule
Why does each strand acts as a template for a new strand in Replication
Two strand of DNA are complementary
In DNA Replication the parent molecule unwinds and builds what strands?
Two new daughter strand that’re built from base-pairings
When a double helix replicates, each daughter molecule will have one old strand
Semiconservative Model
This step in DNA Replication begins at a location on the double helix then an initiator protein binds and trigger unwinding.
Initiation
This part in Initiation unwinds the parental double helix at replication forks
Helicase
This binds and stabilizes single-strand DNA until used as a template
Single-strand binding protein
Rejoins the DNA strand to relieve overwinding strain
Topoisomerase
A repeating pattern of sugar-phosphate with bases that hangs off the backbone like appendages
Sugar-Phosphate Backbone
This location is where unwinding starts in DNA
Origin of replication (E. coli cell)
This is where DNA and mRNA is located
Nucleus
This is where mRNA moves for protein synthesis by ribosomes
Cytoplasm
The enzyme DNA polymerase
controls elongation, which
can occur only in what direction?
Leading Direction
The lagging strand
unwinds in small sections
that DNA polymerase
replicates resulting what?
Okazaki Fragments
Which primer is needed in order to elongate a new DNA strand in the 5’ to 3’ direction?
RNA Primer
Which polymerase adds a nucleotide only to the end of a 3’ growing strand?
DNA Polymerase III
This affects replication and elongates only in 5’ to 3’ direction and needs a pre-existing strand
Antiparallel Elongation
True or False:
The DNA replication occurs bidirectional.
True
In this step, two new double helices have replaced the original helix. The last primer
sequence must be removed from the end of the lagging strand.
Termination
This enzyme “proofreads” the new double helix and removes mispaired bases.
Nucleases
This proofreads newly made DNA and replaces incorrect nucleotides.
DNA Polymerases
This strand elongates toward the replication
fork and continuously adding to the 3’ end
Leading strand
Elongates away from the
replication fork is synthesized discontinuously
Lagging strand
This polymerase removes RNA nucleotides of primer 5’ end then replaces them with DNA nucleotides added to the 3’ end of adjacent fragment.
DNA Polymerase I
This joins the Okazaki fragments of lagging strand while pm the leading strand it joins the 3’ end of DNA that replaces primer to the rest
DNA Ligase
Synthesizes short RNA sequences called primers
Primase
Joins two molecules together by forming a chemical bond
Ligase
