Genetic Engineering and Recombinant DNA Technology Flashcards
This uses biological processes or organisms to manufacture products to improve quality life
Biotechnology
This is the development and application of scientific methods that directly manipulates genetic material to alter hereditary traits.
Genetic Engineering
This is where one or more genes have been inserted naturally or by laboratory manipulation from a different molecule or from another part of the same molecule resulting a new genetic combination
Recombinant DNA
This type of technique focuses on mating organisms with desirable qualities to remain favorable traits to the new population of organisms.
Classical Breeding
This technique inserts the desirable trait to an organism by altering the genes themselves
Modern Genetic Technique
This is a small, circular DNA molecule found in bacteria & other microorganisms
Plasmids
True or False: The correct order of Gene Modification
Cutting –> Selection –> Ligation (Joining together) –> Transferring –> Select –> Sequencing
True
This enzyme scissors (cuts) a DNA / gene / plasmid along a specific sequence
Restriction Enzyme
This restriction enzyme cuts along G / AATT that creates sticky ends
EcoR I
After the restriction enzyme cuts the vector’s plasmid both DNA will have a sticky end of AATT on one direction and ___ on the other
TTAA
Since AATT & TTAA are complementary, the vector plasmid and the desired gene can combine to form what?
New plasmid
This is a process used to transfer plasmid DNA into bacteria
Heat Shock Treatment
This device is used to deliver genetic materials into cells by propelling DNA-coated gold / tungsten microparticles at high velocity.
Gene Gun
This technique is originally developed for plant cells
Biolistics
This molecule carries DNA to another organism
Vectors
This gene helps select / identify host cells containing recombinant DNA
Reporter genes
A selection marker within the inserted plasmid DNA sequence allows the selection of “transformants”
Ampicilin resistance gene
True or False:
Plating the plasmid-cell solution on antibiotic-containing media allows plasmid-containing cells to grow and propagate into colonies
True, because of the “transformants”
This reaction causes the double strand of DNA to separate when heated to 94-98 Celsius
Denaturation of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
When the temp. is lowered to 50-65 Celsius, this reaction causes primers to bind their complementary sequences on the single-stranded DNA
Annealing of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
When the temp. is raised to 72 Celsius, this enables the DNA polymerase to synthesize new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to primers
Elongation of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
This can confirm if the plasmid-containing colonies will have the same plasmid.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification
Plasmid DNA might be used in further DNA cloning steps or in various types of experiments or practical purposes.
What kind of possibility is this?
Bacteria = Plasmid factories
If a plasmid contains the right control sequences, bacteria can be induced to express the gene it contains when a chemical signal is added.
What kind of possibility is this?
Bacteria = Protein Factories
What are the four steps of plasmid as protein factories? (P-T-R-H)
Plasmid introduction, Transformation, Replication, and Harvesting
