Transcription and translation Flashcards
where does the region for transcription and translation start and end
promoter and terminator region
what do genes contain that can be found near the promoter or at a more distance location
regulatory sequences
The process synthesizing protein using encoded RNA
gene expression
Two divisions of gene expression
transcription and translation
The division of gene expression that occurs in the nucleus; where DNA is used as a template to make messenger RNA
Transcription
division of transcription that occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell; where info in mRNA is used to make a polypeptide
Translation
What enzyme helps to make mRNA strand
RNA polymerase
what are the three stages of transcription
initiation
elongation
termination
the stage where the promoter region of the gene functions as a recognition for RNA polymerase to bind to
Initiation stage
What causes the DNA double helix to unwind and open
binding
stage of transcription where the RNA polymerase slide through the template strand and complementary bases pair up
elongation
which prime end does the RNA polymerase links the nucleotides of the mRNA
3’
stage where the RNA polymerase reaches the terminator region
termination stage
What part of the mRNA includes regions that code for a protein
exons
what part of the mRNA are the non-coding protein sections
introns
as the introns need to be removed, modifications are added, what are they
5’cap and 3’ poly-A tail
what is the process of removing introns from the mRNA
intron splicing
what performs intron splicing; complex made up of proteins and RNA
spliceosome
where does the mRNA enter to begin translation
cytoplasm
nitrogenous bases are grouped into three letter codes called
codons
Start codon
AUG
Stop codon
UAA
UAG
UGA
when does translation begin
when the mRNA binds to the small ribosomal subunit at the start codon
what molecule brings the amino acid
tRNA
what does the tRNA bring
anticodon
when will the large ribosomal subunit binds to form the translation complex
when the initiator tRNA binds to start codon
three distinct regions of the large ribosomal subunit
EPA sites
what kinds of tRNA binds to the A site
charged transfer RNA
what binds to the A sit at a stop codon to release the polypeptide from the tRNA
Release factor
where does the uncharged tRNA exit
E site
purpose of translation is to
produce polypeptide immediately and accurately
