Levels of Organizations Flashcards
integrative science that studies the functions of complex living organisms at levels ranging from molecules and cells to organ systems
Physiology
This type of physiology explains the specific characteristics and the physical and chemical mechanisms of the human body that make it a living being
Human Physiology
Science of body structures and relationships
Anatomy
Functional properties of nerve cells
neurophysiology
hormones and how they control body functions
endocrinology
functions of the heart and blood vessels
cardiovascular physiology
how the body defends itself against disease-causing organisms
immunology
functions of the air passageways and lungs
respiratory physiology
functionso fthe kidneys
renal physiology
changes in cell and organ functions as a result of muscular activity
exercise physiology
functional changes associates with disease and aging
pathophysiology
What are the levels of organization of the human body?
chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism level
What system synthesizes vitamin D
integumentary system
how many organ systems does a human body have
11 systems
what organ system houses cells that produce blood cells, aids movement, and supports and protects the body
skeletal system
What organ system produces body movement, generates heat, and stabilizes body position
muscular system
this organ system detects change sin the body’s internal and external environment, interprets changes as responds by causing muscular contractions
Nervous system
What organ system regulates body by releasing hormones
endocrine system
what are the chemical messengers transported in blood?
Hormones
This organ system includes structures where lymphocytes that protect against organisms mature and proliferate
lymphatic and immune system
What organ system pumps blood and carries oxygen and nutrients to cells and carbon dioxide and wastes away from cells
cardiovascular system
What organ system helps regulate acid-base balance, temperature, and water content of body fluids
cardiovascular system
What organ system is responsible for the breakdown of foods, absorbing nutrients, and eliminates solid wastes
digestive system
What organ system is responsible for gas exchange
respiratory system
What organ system produces, stores, and eliminates urine
urinary system
what organ system maintains mineral balance
urinary system
What organ system produces gametes
reproductive system
how much water is in an average young adult male
60%
this type of body fluids is found inside of cells
intracellular fluids (ICF)
this body fluid consists of 2/3 of the volume of fluids in the body
ICF
this type of body fluid is found outside the cell
Extracellular fluid
Extracellular fluid has ions and nutrients needed by the cells to maintain life. Because of this, it is called __
internal environment/ milieu interieur
This type fo body fluid consists if 1/3 of the volume of fluids in the body
ECF
ECF can be divided into three
plasma, interstitial fluid, transcellular fluid
organ system that returns proteins and fluid to blood
Lymphatic and immune system
organ system that carries lipids from gastrointestinal tract to blood
lymphatic and immune system
organ system that achieves physical and chemical breakdown of food
digestive system
this system has gonads that release hormones that regulate reproduction and other body processes
reproductive system
Organ system that protects the body, helps regulate body temperature, and eliminates some waste
integumentary system
organ system that detects sensations such as touch, pain, warmth, and cold
integumentary system
ECF is composed of how much of body weight
20%
plasma is 25% of ECF, what is its percentage in body weight
5%
interstitial fluid is 75% of ECF, but how about its body weight
15%
examples of transcellular fluid
CSF
pleural
peritoneal
pericardial
synovial
digestive
secretions
intracellular fluid is composed of how much of the body weight
40% of body weight
what body composition is 18% of body weight
proteins an related substances
what body composition is 15% of body weight
fat
what body composition is 7% of body weight
mineral
what nutrient is there in ICF
high concentrations of proteins
what nutrients are there in ECF
O2
glucose
fatty acids
amino acids
