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Gen Physio Lec > Animal Cell > Flashcards

Animal Cell Flashcards

1
Q

this part of the cell is responsible for diffusion, osmosis, active transport, exocytosis, endocytosis

A

cell membrane

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2
Q

what are the functions of the cell

A

cell metabolism and energy use
synthesis of molecules
communication (electrical and chemical signals)
reproduction and inheritance (each cell has DNA)

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3
Q

what separates intracellular and extracellular materials

A

plasma membrane

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4
Q

production of charge difference across the membrane

A

membrane potential

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5
Q

which part of the membrane is positively charged

A

outside of membrane

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6
Q

glycocalyx is composed of

A

glycolipids and glycoproteins

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7
Q

glycolipids+glycoproteins=

A

glycocalyx

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8
Q

in the phospholipid bilayer, which part is polar and hydrophilic

A

head

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9
Q

in the phospholipid bilayer, which part if non-polar and is hydrophobic

A

tails

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10
Q

what is interspersed among phospholipids

A

cholesterol

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11
Q

what is responsible for cell-cell recognition and is part of glycolipids and glycoproteins

A

carbohydrate chain

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12
Q

membrane protein that extend deeply into membrane

A

integral/ intrinsic

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13
Q

membrane protein that can form channels through the membrane

A

integral/ intrinsic

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14
Q

membrane protein attached to integral proteins (inner or outer surface of the lipid bilayer)

A

peripheral/extrinsic

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15
Q

functions of membrane proteins

A

markers
attachment sites
channels
receptors
enzymes
carriers

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16
Q

Glycoproteins and glycolipids also function as

A

marker molecules

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17
Q

these parts of the plasma membrane allow cells to identify one another or other molecules

A

marker molecules

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18
Q

functions of marker molecules

A

immunity
recognition of oocyte by sperm cell
intercellular communication

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19
Q

Two types of channel proteins are

A

nongated ion channels
gated ion channels

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20
Q

this type of channel protein is always open and is responsible for the semipermeability of the plasma membrane (to ions) at rest

A

nongated ion channels

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21
Q

this type of channel proteins can only be opened or closed with the help of aa certain stimuli

A

gated ion channels

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22
Q

two kinds of gated ion channels

A

ligand gated ion chanel
voltage-gated ion channels

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23
Q

this type of gated ion channel opens in response to small molecules that bind to proteins/ glycoproteins

A

ligand gated ion channel

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24
Q

This type of gated ion channel opens when there is a change in charge across the membrane

A

voltage-gated ion channel

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25
Q

what are linked to ligand-gated channel that causes change in shape of the channel protein, thus opening or closing the channel

A

receptor molecules/ receptors

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26
Q

example of a receptor molecule that attaches to a channel protein

A

sodium-potassium pump

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27
Q

different movement through the cell membrane

A

diffusion
osmosis
filtration
mediated transport (facilitated diffusion, active transport)

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28
Q

movement of solute from high concentration to low concentration

A

diffusion

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29
Q

diffusion of water (solvent)

A

osmosis

30
Q

water moves from an are of low concentration to a high concentration of solute

A

osmosis

31
Q

pressure required to prevent water from moving across a membrane by osmosis

A

osmotic pressure

32
Q

cell neither shrinks nor swells

A

isotonic

33
Q

cell shrinks

A

hypertonic

34
Q

what happens to the cell when it is in a hypertonic solution

A

crenation

35
Q

cells swell

A

hypotonicw

36
Q

what will happen to the cell if it is in a hypotonic solution

A

lysis

37
Q

works like a seive
works depending on pressure difference on either side of a partition
moves from side of greater pressure to lower

A

filtration

38
Q

Mediated transport involves the following:

A

carrier proteins
ATP powered pumps
channel proteins

39
Q

what are the two characteristics of mediated transport

A

specificity and saturation

40
Q

this characteristic of the mediated transport shows that the channel needs a specific and a single type of molecule

A

Specificity

41
Q

this characteristic of the mediated transport shows that the rate of transport islimited to number of available carrier proteins

A

saturation

42
Q

This type of mediated transport uses energy to allow the cell to accumulate substances

A

Active transport

43
Q

This type of movement of substances in/out of the cell is the

internalization of substances by a formation of a vesicle

A

endocytosis

44
Q

what are the types of endocytosis

A

phagocytosis
pinocytosis
receptor-mediated endocytosis

45
Q

This movement of the cell where accumulates vesicle secretions expelled from cell

A

exocytosis

46
Q

what is the cellular material outside nucleus but inside plasma membrane

A

cytoplasm

47
Q

what can be found in the cytoplasm

A

cytosol
cytoskeleton
inclusions
organelles

48
Q

secretion of digestive enzymes by pancreas

A

exocytosis

49
Q

secretion of mucus by salivary glands

A

exocytosis

50
Q

secretion of milk by mammary glands

A

exocytosis

51
Q

this is a network of several kinds of protein filaments that extend throughout the cytoplasm

A

cytoskeleton

52
Q

this provides a structural framework for the cell

A

cytoskeleton

53
Q

cytoskeleton is consists of

A

microfilaments
intermediate filaments
microtubules`

54
Q

these are small specialized structures with particular functions

A

organelles

55
Q

This re-package proteins into secretory vesicles and travel to cell membrane where they are secreted by exocytosis

A

golgi body

56
Q

this organelle digests large molecules or wastes of the cell through hydrolytic enzymes

A

lysosome

57
Q

this organelle destroy invading viruses and bacteria,

A

lysosome

58
Q

power house of the cell

A

Mitochondria

59
Q

part of the mitochondria that are the infoldings of inner membrane

A

cristae

59
Q

which organelle is the major site of ATP synthesis

A

mitochondria

60
Q

part of mitochondria which is the substance located in space formed by the inner membrane

A

matrix

61
Q

when do mitochondria increase in number

A

when the cell requires more energy

62
Q

this organelle also contains DNA, one that codes for some of the proteins needed for its production

A

mitochondria

63
Q

these organelles are helpful in motility

A

cilia and flagella

64
Q

this organelle move materials across the surface of the cell, are stiff during power stroke but flexible during recovery

A

cilia

65
Q

this organelle moves and entire cell, and a single of this wiggles in a wavelike pattern; it propels sperm forward

A

flagella

66
Q

this organelle is the extension of plasma membrane, increase the cell surface area, and one tenth to one twentieth size of cilia

A

microvilli

67
Q

this is the control center of the cell

A

nucleus

68
Q

parts of the nucleus

A

nuclear envelope w nuclear pores
nucleolus
genetic material (DNA)
genes

69
Q

how many chromosomes does human somatic cells have

A

46

Gen Physio Lec (6 decks)

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