Animal Cell

Question 1

this part of the cell is responsible for diffusion, osmosis, active transport, exocytosis, endocytosis

Answer 1

cell membrane

Question 2

what are the functions of the cell

Answer 2

cell metabolism and energy use
synthesis of molecules
communication (electrical and chemical signals)
reproduction and inheritance (each cell has DNA)

Question 3

what separates intracellular and extracellular materials

Answer 3

plasma membrane

Question 4

production of charge difference across the membrane

Answer 4

membrane potential

Question 5

which part of the membrane is positively charged

Answer 5

outside of membrane

Question 6

glycocalyx is composed of

Answer 6

glycolipids and glycoproteins

Question 7

glycolipids+glycoproteins=

Answer 7

glycocalyx

Question 8

in the phospholipid bilayer, which part is polar and hydrophilic

Answer 8

head

Question 9

in the phospholipid bilayer, which part if non-polar and is hydrophobic

Answer 9

tails

Question 10

what is interspersed among phospholipids

Answer 10

cholesterol

Question 11

what is responsible for cell-cell recognition and is part of glycolipids and glycoproteins

Answer 11

carbohydrate chain

Question 12

membrane protein that extend deeply into membrane

Answer 12

integral/ intrinsic

Question 13

membrane protein that can form channels through the membrane

Answer 13

integral/ intrinsic

Question 14

membrane protein attached to integral proteins (inner or outer surface of the lipid bilayer)

Answer 14

peripheral/extrinsic

Question 15

functions of membrane proteins

Answer 15

markers
attachment sites
channels
receptors
enzymes
carriers

Question 16

Glycoproteins and glycolipids also function as

Answer 16

marker molecules

Question 17

these parts of the plasma membrane allow cells to identify one another or other molecules

Answer 17

marker molecules

Question 18

functions of marker molecules

Answer 18

immunity
recognition of oocyte by sperm cell
intercellular communication

Question 19

Two types of channel proteins are

Answer 19

nongated ion channels
gated ion channels

Question 20

this type of channel protein is always open and is responsible for the semipermeability of the plasma membrane (to ions) at rest

Answer 20

nongated ion channels

Question 21

this type of channel proteins can only be opened or closed with the help of aa certain stimuli

Answer 21

gated ion channels

Question 22

two kinds of gated ion channels

Answer 22

ligand gated ion chanel
voltage-gated ion channels

Question 23

this type of gated ion channel opens in response to small molecules that bind to proteins/ glycoproteins

Answer 23

ligand gated ion channel

Question 24

This type of gated ion channel opens when there is a change in charge across the membrane

Answer 24

voltage-gated ion channel

Question 25

what are linked to ligand-gated channel that causes change in shape of the channel protein, thus opening or closing the channel

Answer 25

receptor molecules/ receptors

Question 26

example of a receptor molecule that attaches to a channel protein

Answer 26

sodium-potassium pump

Question 27

different movement through the cell membrane

Answer 27

diffusion osmosis filtration mediated transport (facilitated diffusion, active transport)

Question 28

movement of solute from high concentration to low concentration

Answer 28

diffusion

Question 29

diffusion of water (solvent)

Answer 29

osmosis

Question 30

water moves from an are of low concentration to a high concentration of solute

Answer 30

osmosis

Question 31

pressure required to prevent water from moving across a membrane by osmosis

Answer 31

osmotic pressure

Question 32

cell neither shrinks nor swells

Answer 32

isotonic

Question 33

cell shrinks

Answer 33

hypertonic

Question 34

what happens to the cell when it is in a hypertonic solution

Answer 34

crenation

Question 35

cells swell

Answer 35

hypotonicw

Question 36

what will happen to the cell if it is in a hypotonic solution

Answer 36

lysis

Question 37

works like a seive works depending on pressure difference on either side of a partition moves from side of greater pressure to lower

Answer 37

filtration

Question 38

Mediated transport involves the following:

Answer 38

carrier proteins ATP powered pumps channel proteins

Question 39

what are the two characteristics of mediated transport

Answer 39

specificity and saturation

Question 40

this characteristic of the mediated transport shows that the channel needs a specific and a single type of molecule

Answer 40

Specificity

Question 41

this characteristic of the mediated transport shows that the rate of transport islimited to number of available carrier proteins

Answer 41

saturation

Question 42

This type of mediated transport uses energy to allow the cell to accumulate substances

Answer 42

Active transport

Question 43

This type of movement of substances in/out of the cell is the internalization of substances by a formation of a vesicle

Answer 43

endocytosis

Question 44

what are the types of endocytosis

Answer 44

phagocytosis pinocytosis receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 45

This movement of the cell where accumulates vesicle secretions expelled from cell

Answer 45

exocytosis

Question 46

what is the cellular material outside nucleus but inside plasma membrane

Answer 46

cytoplasm

Question 47

what can be found in the cytoplasm

Answer 47

cytosol cytoskeleton inclusions organelles

Question 48

secretion of digestive enzymes by pancreas

Answer 48

exocytosis

Question 49

secretion of mucus by salivary glands

Answer 49

exocytosis

Question 50

secretion of milk by mammary glands

Answer 50

exocytosis

Question 51

this is a network of several kinds of protein filaments that extend throughout the cytoplasm

Answer 51

cytoskeleton

Question 52

this provides a structural framework for the cell

Answer 52

cytoskeleton

Question 53

cytoskeleton is consists of

Answer 53

microfilaments intermediate filaments microtubules`

Question 54

these are small specialized structures with particular functions

Answer 54

organelles

Question 55

This re-package proteins into secretory vesicles and travel to cell membrane where they are secreted by exocytosis

Answer 55

golgi body

Question 56

this organelle digests large molecules or wastes of the cell through hydrolytic enzymes

Answer 56

lysosome

Question 57

this organelle destroy invading viruses and bacteria,

Answer 57

lysosome

Question 58

power house of the cell

Answer 58

Mitochondria

Question 59

part of the mitochondria that are the infoldings of inner membrane

Answer 59

cristae

Question 59

which organelle is the major site of ATP synthesis

Answer 59

mitochondria

Question 60

part of mitochondria which is the substance located in space formed by the inner membrane

Answer 60

matrix

Question 61

when do mitochondria increase in number

Answer 61

when the cell requires more energy

Question 62

this organelle also contains DNA, one that codes for some of the proteins needed for its production

Answer 62

mitochondria

Question 63

these organelles are helpful in motility

Answer 63

cilia and flagella

Question 64

this organelle move materials across the surface of the cell, are stiff during power stroke but flexible during recovery

Answer 64

cilia

Question 65

this organelle moves and entire cell, and a single of this wiggles in a wavelike pattern; it propels sperm forward

Answer 65

flagella

Question 66

this organelle is the extension of plasma membrane, increase the cell surface area, and one tenth to one twentieth size of cilia

Answer 66

microvilli

Question 67

this is the control center of the cell

Answer 67

nucleus

Question 68

parts of the nucleus

Answer 68

nuclear envelope w nuclear pores nucleolus genetic material (DNA) genes

Question 69

how many chromosomes does human somatic cells have

Answer 69

46