Transcription and Translation Flashcards
Transcription is what?
the DNA-directed synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA)
RNA does what?
the bridge between genes and protein synthesis
Gene Expression is what?
the process by which DNA directs protein synthesis through RNA (via transcription + translation)
The flow of information from gene to protein is based on the genetic code which is?
a triplet code of codons within the RNA that codes for specific amino acids
64 triplet codons (4)
60 codons for amino acids
3 stop codons
1 start codon (AUG → Methionine, Met)
Translation does what?
is the synthesis of a polypeptide, using
information in the mRNA
Ribosomes are what?
are the sites of translation
Redundancy is what?
one amino acid can be coded by multiple
codons
No ambiguity is what?
one codon only specifies one amino acid
Reading Frame is important because…
-if you start just one nucleotide over, it can
completely change the sequence of amino acids
mRNAs do what
Messenger RNA
Genetic information flows from mRNA to protein through the process of translation
50S subunit + 30S subunit + rRNAs is what?
Multiple Protein Subunits for ribosomes
P site does what?
holds tRNA with growing polypeptide chain
A site does what?
holds tRNA of the next amino acid to be added
E site does what?
exit site, discharged tRNAs leave the ribosome
tRNA does what?
Transfer RNA
is a molecular component in translation
Steps of transcription/translation (3)
Initiation
Elongation
Termination
Initiation and termination of transcription involve different sequences within the DNA that signal for starting and stopping
(TATA box within the promoter)
Transcription players (5)
1.) RNA Polymerase
2.) Template strand
3.) Promoter
4.) Transcription
5.) Terminator
Spliceosome does what?
Splicing out the introns and pasting in exons
The 5′ end receives a modified nucleotide…
5’ Cap
The 3′ end gets a…
Poly-A Tail
Introns are the what of pre-mRNA
noncoding (because they are intervening sequences)
Extrons are the what of pre-mRNA
coding (because they expressed)
What does initiation in translation contain
30S
mRNA
initiator RNA
Start codon
What does Elongation in translation contain
Initiator complex
50S
tRNA’s
Growing peptide
energy (GTP + ATP)
Substeps of elongation (3)
Condon recognition
Peptide bond formation
Translocation
What does codon recognition do and what is required
tRNA anticodon pairs with mRNA codon
GTP
What does peptide bond formation do and what is required
Catalyzed by rRNA’s
5’–>3’ direction
NT–>CT
What does translocation do and what is required?
Moves tRNAs through different sites (PAE)
Requires GTP
What does termination contain in translation?
stop codon
release factor
H2O
GTP
