Genetics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Mendel’s first law?

A

Law of segregation
-The two alleles of a heritable character separate (segregate) during gamete formation and end up in different gametes
-Based on following one character at a time— monohybrid crossing

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2
Q

What is Mendel’s second law?

A

Law of Random Assortment
-Based on the following two characters at a time— dihybrid cross
-Each pair of alleles segregates independently of any other pair of alleles during game formation

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3
Q

What is a character?

A

a heritable feature that
varies (such as flower color)

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4
Q

what is a trait?

A

a variant of a character (purple or white for flower color)

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5
Q

what is true breeding?

A

plants that produce the same offspring with self-pollination

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6
Q

What is hybridization

A

mated two contrasting true-breeding varieties

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7
Q

P-generation is what

A

The true-breeding parents

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8
Q

The hybrid offspring of the P generation is called the

A

F1 generation

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9
Q

Alternative versions of genes account for variations in inherited character versions

A

alleles

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10
Q

Genotype is what

A

allele combination

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11
Q

Phenotype is what

A

expression or appearance

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12
Q

Dominant allele does what determines phenotype

A

-Determines phenotype, represented by a capital letter
(A, B, C, D)

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13
Q

Recessive allele

A

-Not noticeable effect on appearance, represented by a lowercase letter (a, b, c, d)
-Have to have 2 recessive alleles to have the recessive
phenotype

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14
Q

Heterozygous

A

two different alleles, one dominant, one recessive

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15
Q

Homozygous

A

two same alleles, both dominant or both recessive

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16
Q

Codominance

A

Occurs when two alleles affect the phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways

17
Q

Complete dominance

A

Occurs when phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are identical

18
Q

Incomplete dominance

A

Occurs when the phenotype of F1 hydroids is somewhere between the phenotypes of the two potential varieties