Metabolism Energy and Enzymes Flashcards
Energy
The ability to do work
Forms of energy
Kinetic-MOTION
Potential-STORED
Metabolism
transfer energy in the cells of living organisms through chemical reactions
Anabolic Reactions do what
Build up reactions that consume energy
Catabolic Reactions do what
Break down reactions
Free energy=?
Unusable energy which is delta G
Positive delta G is what type of reaction and what does it need
Anabolic
Energy
Negative delta G is what type of reaction and what is it
Catabolic
Spontaneous
Spontaneous reactions are what type of chemical reaction
Exergonic
Non-spontaneous reactions are what type of chemical reaction
Endergonic
Chemical equilibrium is what
Reversible
Negative delta G summary
Favors products
Exergonic
Spontaneous
Free energy is released
Catabolic reactions
Positive delta G summary
Favors reactants
Endergonic
Not spontaneous
Requires free energy
Anabolic reactions
What does ATP hydrolysis do
the breakdown of ATP
Enzymes do what
Speed up a specific reaction
Lower activation energy
What is a barrier to reactions
Activation Energy
Substrate
reactants for any given enzyme
Active site
Where the substrate binds in/on the protein
Inhibition
Decrease activity of an enzyme
Competitive Inhibitors do what
Block substrates
Noncompetitive inhibitors do what
change shape of the enzyme so it cannot bind substrates
Allosteric Regulation
Enzymes function at one site is affected by the binding of molecules to a separate site
Glycolysis is the initial process in the oxidation of glucose and has two phases:
Energy investment - using 2 ATP to start off the process
Energy Payoff - produces 4 ATP in the payoff phase
NET ATP FROM GLYCOLYSIS = 4 ATP - 2 ATP = 2 ATP
Glycolysis splits glucose how many pyruvates
2 pyruvates (a 3-carbon molecule)
No oxygen (anaerobic) →
pyruvate is used in fermentation
Oxygen present (aerobic) →
pyruvate gets used in pyruvate oxidation and citric acid cycle
Fermentation is the process by which what generates
NAD+ from the NADH products of glycolysis so that glycolysis can keep moving forward to produce ATP.
