Mitosis Flashcards

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1
Q

cell division does what

A

organisms producing identical or unique offspring is a distinguishable trait of living things compared to non-living things

Also is the reproduction of cells

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2
Q

Key events to note (4)

A

1.) Signals for cell division
2.) Duplication of genetic material (DNA replication)
3.) Separation of duplicated genetic material (mitosis/meiosis)
4.) Production of separate cells
(Cytokinesis)

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3
Q

what is mitosis

A

the separation of chromosomes

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4
Q

steps of mitosis

A

1.) Prophase
2.) Prometaphase
3.) Metaphase
4.) Anaphase
5.) Telophase

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5
Q

What are somatic cells and what do they undergo

A

non-reproductive cells and mitosis

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6
Q

what are gametes and what do they undergo

A

reproductive cells and meisosis

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7
Q

what are 2 sets of chromosomes?

A

diploid

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8
Q

what are half as many chromosomes as somatic cells?

A

haploid

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9
Q

what does prophase in mitosis do

A

Condensed chromosomes, miotic microtubule spindle forms (from centrosome)

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10
Q

What does prometaphase do

A

the nuclear envelope becomes fragmented, the microtubule spindles attach at the centrosome (kinetochore)

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11
Q

What does metaphase do

A

the centrosomes at opposite ends of the cell, chromosomes are aligned in the center of the cell

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12
Q

What does anaphase do

A

the sister chromatids are separated

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13
Q

what does telophase/cytokinesis do

A

two nuclear envelops/nuclei began to form, two cells started to form by division of the cytoplasm

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14
Q

Cell division phases

A

G1-Growth
S- DNA synthesis
G2- Growth + prep for cell division

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15
Q

what does the M phase do

A

responsible for mitosis and cytokinesis

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16
Q

what does the G2 checkpoint do

A

has MPF/Cyclin, checks for cell size, DNA replication

17
Q

what is MPF

A

M-phase promoting factor

18
Q

what does Cdk do

A

regulates the m-phase

19
Q

What does the G1 checkpoint do

A

Checks for cell size, sufficient nutrients, checks for DNA damage

20
Q

what happens if the cell gets stopped in G1

A

goes into G0 (non-diving state)

21
Q

what happens if the cell gets the go in G1

A

moves onto S phase (begin dividing)

22
Q

what does the M checkpoint do

A

checks proper chromosome alignment before separating

23
Q

what happens if the cell gets stopped in the m phase

A

chromosomes aren’t attached to spindle fibers

24
Q

what happens to the cell if it gets the go in the m phase

A

all chromosomes are attached (metaphase)