Mitosis Flashcards
cell division does what
organisms producing identical or unique offspring is a distinguishable trait of living things compared to non-living things
Also is the reproduction of cells
Key events to note (4)
1.) Signals for cell division
2.) Duplication of genetic material (DNA replication)
3.) Separation of duplicated genetic material (mitosis/meiosis)
4.) Production of separate cells
(Cytokinesis)
what is mitosis
the separation of chromosomes
steps of mitosis
1.) Prophase
2.) Prometaphase
3.) Metaphase
4.) Anaphase
5.) Telophase
What are somatic cells and what do they undergo
non-reproductive cells and mitosis
what are gametes and what do they undergo
reproductive cells and meisosis
what are 2 sets of chromosomes?
diploid
what are half as many chromosomes as somatic cells?
haploid
what does prophase in mitosis do
Condensed chromosomes, miotic microtubule spindle forms (from centrosome)
What does prometaphase do
the nuclear envelope becomes fragmented, the microtubule spindles attach at the centrosome (kinetochore)
What does metaphase do
the centrosomes at opposite ends of the cell, chromosomes are aligned in the center of the cell
What does anaphase do
the sister chromatids are separated
what does telophase/cytokinesis do
two nuclear envelops/nuclei began to form, two cells started to form by division of the cytoplasm
Cell division phases
G1-Growth
S- DNA synthesis
G2- Growth + prep for cell division
what does the M phase do
responsible for mitosis and cytokinesis
what does the G2 checkpoint do
has MPF/Cyclin, checks for cell size, DNA replication
what is MPF
M-phase promoting factor
what does Cdk do
regulates the m-phase
What does the G1 checkpoint do
Checks for cell size, sufficient nutrients, checks for DNA damage
what happens if the cell gets stopped in G1
goes into G0 (non-diving state)
what happens if the cell gets the go in G1
moves onto S phase (begin dividing)
what does the M checkpoint do
checks proper chromosome alignment before separating
what happens if the cell gets stopped in the m phase
chromosomes aren’t attached to spindle fibers
what happens to the cell if it gets the go in the m phase
all chromosomes are attached (metaphase)
