Transatlantic slavery Flashcards
How many africans were enslaved and sent to America by force
12.5m
HOW many enslaved africans arrived in America
10 MILLION
How many Africans dies on the root to America
2.5 m
What word means personal possession
chattel
What word means less than human
dehumanisation
What sea animal followed the sips while transporting slaves
SHARKS
which European countries did European first traded enslaved africans
Portugal and spain
What type of slavery did Europeans establish in the New World?
chattel slavery
. Which European countries became the leading powers in the New World in the seventeenth century?
England and France
What was the name for European workers who were bound to their masters by a legal contract for a number of years?
Indentured servants
Which product became far more popular with European elites in the seventeenth century, increasing demand for labour in the New World?
sugar
What was the name of the 1661 law that made it legal for Europeans to punish, attack or even kill enslaved Africans?
1661 Barbados Slave Code
What common identity did English, Irish and Scottish indentured servants develop in the New World?
white
- What common identity did diverse groups of Africans develop in the New World?
black
Until when did many slave codes remain in place?
Mid-nineteenth century
What was the name of the Igbo person who was enslaved and later wrote about his experiences?
Olaudah Equiano
Give three examples of European manufactured goods that were traded in Africa.
Metal pots and pans, guns and gunpowder, and brass ornaments
What name was given to the trade system between Europe, Africa and the New World?
Triangular trade
How were enslaved Africans forced to travel to the coast?
walking
. What is the name for a group of enslaved people who have been linked together to be transported?
coffee
What were the European trading settlements on the African coast called?
factory
What were the prisons on the African coast called?
Barracoons’
What were the most common forms of resistance to enslavement?
Running away and refusing to eat9
What did slaving captains force many enslaved people to do to move about?
‘dancing’
What was the name of the slave ship where the captain threw 132 enslaved people overboard?
The Zong
- How did enslaved people begin referring to each other on the slave ship?
‘shipmate’
What was the name of the instrument that was used to force hunger strikers to eat?
Speculum oris
What did some enslaved people do when they lost the will to live?
sucide
What did some West Africans believe would happen to them after death?
going home’
What caused some slave ships to go missing at sea?
revolts
What happened to many enslaved people within the first few months on the plantation?
Died of disease or suicide
What was the ratio of enslaved people to white colonists in many Caribbean territories in the 18th century?
ten to one
What were some of the punishments commonly used on enslaved people?
Nose slit, losing a limb, being whipped and put in stocks
Who sometimes resisted their situation and poisoned their master or mistress, wasted time by pretending not to understand instructions, broke valuable tools and damaged machines?
ENSLAVED PEOPLE
Which instrument did white people fear enslaved people using?
drums
What did enslaved people organise when they had a few days’ holiday?
large festivals
Where was the first Slave Society?
BARBADOS
What was the most important mark of status in colonial Barbados?
Land ownership esp. sugar plantations
What name was given to white people like shopkeepers, carpenters, and teachers?
Lesser / Poor whites
What group of enslaved people were valued more highly by their owners and had prestige among their fellow slaves?
Skilled slaves e.g. rangers
Which group of slaves served whites in the grand plantation houses?
domestic slaves
Which group of slaves were not likely to be able to develop relationships with white people that could lead to freedom or privileges?
field slaves
Who were the first independent black people in the Caribbean?
The Maroons
Which country became independent in 1804, inspiring slave revolts elsewhere?
Haiti
What was the name of the 1816 slave rebellion in Barbados?
Bussa’s rebellion
