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History > Reveloutions of the 18th century > Flashcards

Reveloutions of the 18th century Flashcards

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1
Q

What name was given to Britain’s colonies in North America?

A

Thirteen Colonies

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2
Q

Who created the Thirteen Colonies?

A

British colonists who travelled from Britain to North America

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3
Q

What was the name of the first British settlement in North America?

A

Jamestown(in Virginia)

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4
Q

Which group of people were already living in North America when the British colonised it?

A

Native Americans

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5
Q

What name was given to poor men from Britain and Europe who travelled to America to work on plantations for a set number of years?

A

Indentured servants

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6
Q

Who did most people living in the Thirteen Colonies see themselves as loyal to?

A

The British monarch

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7
Q

Who was the most powerful person in each colony, and who were they chosen by?

A

Governor, chosen by the monarch

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8
Q

What was the name of the mini-parliaments elected in each colony that had the power to pass laws and raise taxes?

A

Colonial assemblies

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9
Q

Who had the right to vote for these mini-parliaments?

A

White men who owned land

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10
Q

Whatwas the policy towards religion in most of the Thirteen Colonies?

A

Freedom of religion for Protestants

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11
Q

What aspect of the Thirteen Colonies did the British parliament try to control?

A

Trade

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12
Q

What name is given to the period of European history in the eighteenth centurywhen there were new politicaland scientific ideas?

A

The Enlightenment

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13
Q

What did John Locke argue about the power of governments?

A

Their power should be limited

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14
Q

What rights did Enlightenment thinkers believe all people were born with?

A

Liberty, property, speech

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15
Q

Who did Rousseau think should have a say in choosing laws?

A

The people

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16
Q

In the 1760s, what did the British government start needing the colonists to contribute to the cost of.

A

Defending British colonies in America

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17
Q

What was different about the tax introduced by parliament in 1765, compared to previous taxes?

A

Paid by colonists within the colonies, not just on trade

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18
Q

Why did colonists oppose this tax?

A

They didn’t have a say in it

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19
Q

4.What phrase became popular amongst the colonists and expressed why they were opposed to parliament’s taxes?‘

A

No representation without taxation’

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20
Q

Which product did parliament continue to tax after 1770?

A

Tea

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21
Q

6.What was the name of the 1773 law that made it harder for the colonists to smuggle tea into the Thirteen Colonies and avoid paying tax on it?

A

Tea Act

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22
Q

What name was given to the protest when 41 tons of tea was throwninto Boston harbour?

A

Boston Tea Party

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23
Q

Which set of laws was passed by parliament in response to protests such as the Boston Tea Party?

A

Coercive / Intolerable Acts

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24
Q

At which meeting in 1774 did representatives from most of the Thirteen Colonies meet togetherto unite against Britain?

A

Continental Congress

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25
Q

At which two villages were the first shots of the war fired?

A

Lexington and Concord

26
Q

Which document was signed by representatives of the Second Continental Congress in 1776?

A

Declaration of Independence

27
Q

On which date was this document signed?

A

4thJuly 1776

28
Q

Who wrote most of this document?

A

Thomas Jefferson

29
Q

What name is given to the group of men seen as playing an important role in the creation of the USA?

A

Founding Fathers

30
Q

Who won the war between the Thirteen Colonies and Britain?

A

The Thirteen Colonies

31
Q

What was the established social system in France before the Revolution called?

A

Ancien Régime

32
Q

Who became King of France in 1774?

A

Louis XVI

33
Q

What magnificent royal palace was home to the French monarchy?

A

Versailles

34
Q

How much of a French peasant’s annual income was taken up with dues, taxes, and the tithe?

A

Between one thirdand a half

35
Q

What term was used to describe the French middle class?

A

Bourgeoisie

36
Q

What was the meeting of representatives from the three classes in France called?

A

Estates-General

37
Q

In what year did the French Revolution begin?

A

1789

38
Q

What name was given to the breakaway group formed by the Third Estate in that year?

A

National Assembly

39
Q

What medieval fortress in the centre of Paris did an angry mob storm on 14th July?

A

Bastille

40
Q

What did the National Assembly abolish on 5 August, freeing France’s peasantry?

A

Feudalism

41
Q

What document guaranteed the rights and freedoms of all French citizens?

A

Declaration of the Rights of Man

42
Q

What became the rallying cry of the French Revolution?

A

Liberty! Equality! Fraternity!

43
Q

The National Assembly confiscated land belonging to which institution?

A

The Catholic Church

44
Q

What name was given to radical French revolutionaries, often lower-class Parisians?

A

Sans-culottes

45
Q

Which group of political radicals used violence to defend the French Revolution?

A

Jacobins

46
Q

What did Napoleon stage against the French Directorate in 1799

A

A coup

47
Q

What agreement between Napoleon and the Pope was signed in 1801?

A

Concorda

48
Q

What French legal system was established in 1804?

A

Napoleonic Code

49
Q

What title did Napoleon give himself in 1804?

A

Emperor of the French

50
Q

What process describes opinion dividing, and being driven towards two extremes?

A

polarise

51
Q

Which British politician predicted ‘the Terror’ in Reflections on the Revolution in France?Edmund Burke

A

Edmund Burke

52
Q

Which radical English writer celebrated the French Revolution in The Rights of Man?

A

Thomas Paine

53
Q

Which early English feminist wrote Vindication of the Rights of Womenin 1792?

A

Mary Wollstonecraft

54
Q

Which group, inspired by the French Revolution, led a 1798 uprising against British rule?

A

The united irishmen

55
Q

Who slit his own throat with a razor blade having been imprisoned by the British?

A

Wolfe Tone

56
Q

What new country did the 1800 Act of Union create?

A

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

57
Q

How many men did Napoleon assemble in his preparations to invade Britain?

A

165,000

58
Q

In which battle did the Royal Navy defeat France, ending Napoleon’s invasion plans?

A

Battle of Trafalgar

59
Q

Which British Admiral led the Royal Navy during this battle?

A

Horatio Nelson

60
Q

What process describes opinion dividing, and being driven towards two extremes?

A

Polarise

History (8 decks)

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