Reveloutions of the 18th century Flashcards
What name was given to Britain’s colonies in North America?
Thirteen Colonies
Who created the Thirteen Colonies?
British colonists who travelled from Britain to North America
What was the name of the first British settlement in North America?
Jamestown(in Virginia)
Which group of people were already living in North America when the British colonised it?
Native Americans
What name was given to poor men from Britain and Europe who travelled to America to work on plantations for a set number of years?
Indentured servants
Who did most people living in the Thirteen Colonies see themselves as loyal to?
The British monarch
Who was the most powerful person in each colony, and who were they chosen by?
Governor, chosen by the monarch
What was the name of the mini-parliaments elected in each colony that had the power to pass laws and raise taxes?
Colonial assemblies
Who had the right to vote for these mini-parliaments?
White men who owned land
Whatwas the policy towards religion in most of the Thirteen Colonies?
Freedom of religion for Protestants
What aspect of the Thirteen Colonies did the British parliament try to control?
Trade
What name is given to the period of European history in the eighteenth centurywhen there were new politicaland scientific ideas?
The Enlightenment
What did John Locke argue about the power of governments?
Their power should be limited
What rights did Enlightenment thinkers believe all people were born with?
Liberty, property, speech
Who did Rousseau think should have a say in choosing laws?
The people
In the 1760s, what did the British government start needing the colonists to contribute to the cost of.
Defending British colonies in America
What was different about the tax introduced by parliament in 1765, compared to previous taxes?
Paid by colonists within the colonies, not just on trade
Why did colonists oppose this tax?
They didn’t have a say in it
4.What phrase became popular amongst the colonists and expressed why they were opposed to parliament’s taxes?‘
No representation without taxation’
Which product did parliament continue to tax after 1770?
Tea
6.What was the name of the 1773 law that made it harder for the colonists to smuggle tea into the Thirteen Colonies and avoid paying tax on it?
Tea Act
What name was given to the protest when 41 tons of tea was throwninto Boston harbour?
Boston Tea Party
Which set of laws was passed by parliament in response to protests such as the Boston Tea Party?
Coercive / Intolerable Acts
At which meeting in 1774 did representatives from most of the Thirteen Colonies meet togetherto unite against Britain?
Continental Congress
At which two villages were the first shots of the war fired?
Lexington and Concord
Which document was signed by representatives of the Second Continental Congress in 1776?
Declaration of Independence
On which date was this document signed?
4thJuly 1776
Who wrote most of this document?
Thomas Jefferson
What name is given to the group of men seen as playing an important role in the creation of the USA?
Founding Fathers
Who won the war between the Thirteen Colonies and Britain?
The Thirteen Colonies
What was the established social system in France before the Revolution called?
Ancien Régime
Who became King of France in 1774?
Louis XVI
What magnificent royal palace was home to the French monarchy?
Versailles
How much of a French peasant’s annual income was taken up with dues, taxes, and the tithe?
Between one thirdand a half
What term was used to describe the French middle class?
Bourgeoisie
What was the meeting of representatives from the three classes in France called?
Estates-General
In what year did the French Revolution begin?
1789
What name was given to the breakaway group formed by the Third Estate in that year?
National Assembly
What medieval fortress in the centre of Paris did an angry mob storm on 14th July?
Bastille
What did the National Assembly abolish on 5 August, freeing France’s peasantry?
Feudalism
What document guaranteed the rights and freedoms of all French citizens?
Declaration of the Rights of Man
What became the rallying cry of the French Revolution?
Liberty! Equality! Fraternity!
The National Assembly confiscated land belonging to which institution?
The Catholic Church
What name was given to radical French revolutionaries, often lower-class Parisians?
Sans-culottes
Which group of political radicals used violence to defend the French Revolution?
Jacobins
What did Napoleon stage against the French Directorate in 1799
A coup
What agreement between Napoleon and the Pope was signed in 1801?
Concorda
What French legal system was established in 1804?
Napoleonic Code
What title did Napoleon give himself in 1804?
Emperor of the French
What process describes opinion dividing, and being driven towards two extremes?
polarise
Which British politician predicted ‘the Terror’ in Reflections on the Revolution in France?Edmund Burke
Edmund Burke
Which radical English writer celebrated the French Revolution in The Rights of Man?
Thomas Paine
Which early English feminist wrote Vindication of the Rights of Womenin 1792?
Mary Wollstonecraft
Which group, inspired by the French Revolution, led a 1798 uprising against British rule?
The united irishmen
Who slit his own throat with a razor blade having been imprisoned by the British?
Wolfe Tone
What new country did the 1800 Act of Union create?
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
How many men did Napoleon assemble in his preparations to invade Britain?
165,000
In which battle did the Royal Navy defeat France, ending Napoleon’s invasion plans?
Battle of Trafalgar
Which British Admiral led the Royal Navy during this battle?
Horatio Nelson
What process describes opinion dividing, and being driven towards two extremes?
Polarise
