Trans - Metabolism of Nucleotides Flashcards
Examples of Purines (2)
Adenine
Guanine
Examples of Pyrimidines (3)
Cytosine
Thymine
Uracil
Differentiate a Ribose and a Deoxyribose
Main difference is that the hydroxyl group (OH) at Carbon 2 in ribose is replaced by hydrogen (H) in deoxyribose
Difference renders RNA backbone susceptible to base catalyzed hydrolysis
[Nucleoside]
Components
Where is sugar attached in Purines and Pyrimidines?
Base + Sugar
Purine: N-9
Pyrimidine: N-1
[Nucleotide]
Components
Where is Phosphate attached in Ribose and Deoxyribose?
Base + Sugar + Phosphate
Ribose: C5 (Possibly C2/C3)
Deoxyribose: C3
Nucleotides are joined together via?
Phosphodiester Bonds
Polymerization of NAs from Nucleoside Monophosphates occur through?
Dehydration
Polymerization of NAs from Nucleoside Triphosphates occur through?
Phosphoanhydride bond destruction and pyrophosphate removal
Degradation of NAs occur through?
Hydrolysis of covalent linkages
Fate of Sugar and Nitrogenous Bases
Sugar: Absorbed like carbohydrates
Bases: Excreted; Purines are excreted as Uric Acid
Are nucleotides essential?
No they are not, the body is capable of synthesizing them
Examples of Metabolic Precursors (5)
- Amino Acids
- Ribose-5-Phosphate
- CO2
- 1-C Groups
- NH3
Pathway of Digestion of Dietary Nucleic Acids
- Nucleic acids ingested in the form of nucleoproteins - like proteins, denaturated by acidity in the stomach
- Denatured nucleic acids subjected to nucleases –> result to oligonucleosides (shorter chains
)3. Further cleaved by phosphodiesterase, which cleave phosphodiester bonds one at a time
- Nucleases and phosphodiesterase cleave oligonucleotides into mononucleotides
- Nucleotidases dephosphorylate mononucleotides into nucleosides
- Nucleosidases split the nucleosides further into sugar and base
[Purine De Novo Synthesis]
Parent Purine Nucleotides (2)
AMP
GMP
[De Novo Synthesis Linear Pathway]
What is the enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the pathway?
PRPP Amidotransferase
[De Novo Synthesis Linear Pathway
]Why is PRPP Synthetase not the rate-limiting step?
The product, PRPP, can still be used for other reactions
[De Novo Synthesis Linear Pathway]
What is the first intermediate with a complete purine ring?
IMP
[De Novo Synthesis Branched Pathway]
IMP could be converted to? How?
GMP: NH2 at C2 from Gln, requires ATP
AMP: NH2 at C6 from Asp; requires GTP