Lippincott - Nucleotide Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

composition of nucleoside

A

pentose sugar + base

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2
Q

composition of nucleotide

A

nucleoside + 1 or more phosphate groups

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3
Q

deoxyribose sugars are formed by removing the oxygen associated with which carbon of a ribose sugar?

A

2nd carbon

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4
Q

nitrogens of purine rings come from:

A

[1] glycine
[2] glutamine
[3] aspartate

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5
Q

carbons of purine rings come from:

A

[1] glycine
[2] carbon dioxide
[3] N-formyl-tetrahydrofolate

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6
Q

organ where purine rings are synthesized

A

liver

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7
Q

activated pentose that is a major part of purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis

A

PRPP

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8
Q

committed step in de novo synthesis of purines

A

synthesis of 5’ phosphoribosylamine from PRPP and glutamine

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9
Q

parent purine nucleotide

A

inosine monophosphate

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10
Q

energy requirement for conversion of IMP to GMP

A

ATP

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11
Q

energy requirement for conversion of IMP to AMP

A

GTP

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12
Q

responsible for synthesis of nucleoside diphosphates

A

base specific nucleoside monophosphate kinase (adenylate kinase, guanylate kinase, etc)

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13
Q

responsible for synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates

A

nonspecific nucleoside diphosphate kinase

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14
Q

enzymes involved in salvage pathway for purines

A

[1] adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT)

[2] hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT)

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15
Q

salvage pathway for purines - hypoxanthine is converted to:

A

IMP

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16
Q

salvage pathway for purines - guanine is converted to:

A

GMP

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17
Q

salvage pathway for purines - adenine is converted to

A

AMP

18
Q

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

A

x linked recessive disorder associated with complete deficiency of HGPRT –> inability to salvage hypoxanthine or guanine –> high uric acid due to excessive degradation

19
Q

responsible for deoxyribonucleotide synthesis from ribonucleotides

A

ribonucleotide reductase

20
Q

inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase

A

dATP binding to allosteric sites

21
Q

organ of degradation of purine nucleotides

A

liver

22
Q

end product of purine degradation

A

uric acid

23
Q

hydrolyze dietary DNA

A

deoxyribonucleases

24
Q

hydrolyze dietary RNA

A

ribonucleases

25
Q

product of DNA/RNA hydrolysis

A

oligonucleotides

26
Q

hydrolyze oligonucleotides

A

pancreatic phosphodiesterases

27
Q

responsible for removing phosphate groups from nucleotides

A

nucleotidases

28
Q

carbons of pyrimidine come from;

A

[1] aspartic acid

[2] carbon dioxide

29
Q

nitrogens of pyrimidine come from:

A

[1] R group of glutamine

[2] aspartic acid

30
Q

regulated step in de novo pyrimidine synthesis

A

synthesis of carbamoyl phosphate from glutamine and carbon dioxide

31
Q

catalyzes regulated step in de novo pyrimidine synthesis

A

carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II

32
Q

inhibit CPS II

A

UTP

33
Q

activate CPS II

A

PRPP

34
Q

difference of CPS I and CPS II

A

CPS I is used in the urea cycle, CPS II is used in de novo pyrimidine synthesis

35
Q

main enzymes in orotic acid synthesis

A

CAD
[1] CPS II
[2] aspartate transcarbamolyase
[3] dihydroorotase

36
Q

major intermediate in de novo pyrimidine synthesis

A

UMP

37
Q

how is CTP synthesized from UTP?

A

amination of UTP by CTP synthetase

38
Q

responsible for CTP synthesis from UTP

A

CTP synthetase

39
Q

responsible for TMP synthesis from dUMP

A

thymidylate synthase

40
Q

source of the methyl group in TMP synthesis

A

N5N10 methylene tetrahydrofolate

41
Q

end products of pyrimidine degradation

A

[1] beta alanine
[2] beta aminoisobutyrate
[3] NH3
[4] CO2

42
Q

[T/F] pyrimidines are more frequently salvaged in human cells compared to purines

A

F