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CMED 312 Ophtha module > Trans 009 Pharma Part 1 > Flashcards

Trans 009 Pharma Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Number one and oldest treatment for glaucoma

A

Cholinomimetics

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2
Q

Cholinergic alkaloid/ cholinergic agonist

 Reversible anti-acetylcholinesterase (anti-aChE):

A

Pilocarpine

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3
Q

Cholinomimetics that is a choline Esther

A

Carbachol

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4
Q

Carbamate cholinominetics

A

Physostigmine

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5
Q

This is mech of action of what drug Mechanism: the ciliary muscle conduction open the trabecular meshwork of your canal of schlemm increasing outflow of aqueous humor

A

CHOLINOMIMETICS

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6
Q

Od, os, ou meaning

A

OD refers to Oculus Dexter while OS represents Oculus Sinister. They are Latin words that mean right eye and left eye respectively. OU refers to Oculus Uterque. It stands for both eyes.

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7
Q

common name is dipivefrin:

ophthalmic drops for glaucoma; they contain α1 and α2, β1 and β2; pero good for the eye because of the α1

A

Epinephrine

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8
Q

Difference in mech of

Action of alpha 1 non selective and alpha 2 selective.

A

α1 Nonselective: increase the outflow of aqueous
humor in the anterior chamber

Alpha 2 selective Mechanism: They decrease the aqueous humor
secretion

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9
Q

Apraclonidine and brimonidine what drug class

A

Alpha 2 selective

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10
Q

MOA: Mechanism: They decrease the aqueous secretion of the anterior chamber from the ciliary muscle to the ciliary epithelium

A

Beta blocker

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11
Q

Betablocter drops for glaucoma:

A

 Timolol: more popular  Betaxolol
 Carteolol
 Levobunolol
 Metipranolol

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12
Q

Mechanism: decreasing the aqueous secretion due

to lack of bicarbonate (HC03). derivative of Acetazolamide

A

Carbonic ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS

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13
Q

CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS we use for glaucoma.

A

Dorzolamide, Brinzolamide: what we use for glaucoma

as ophthalmic drops

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14
Q

CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS available orally

A

Acetazolamide: available orally as a diuretic
 Dichlorphenamide
 Methazolamide

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15
Q

Product of arachidonic acid by the action of the enzyme Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) Mechanism: They decrease the intraocular pressure by
increasing the outflow of fluid in the anterior chamber

A

Prostaglandins

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16
Q

Latanoprost
 Bimatoprost
 Traboprost
 Unoprostone drug class?

A

Prostaglandins

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17
Q

Allergic rhinitis drug of choice

A

For allergic rhinitis, the drug is steroid. You can give anti- histamine or anti-allergy pero the Drug of Choice (DOC)
is steroid nasal spray (mometasone)

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18
Q

sign of severe allergic colds or allergic rhinitis

A

There is also allergic keratoconjunctivitis, namumula din minsan ang mata hindi lang ang nose

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19
Q

Short acting MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS (ANTI-M1)

Aerosolornasalspray

A

Ipratropium bromide

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20
Q

Long acting MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS (ANTI-M1)

InhibitsmuscarinicreceptorsM1,M2,andM3  Anti-M1, M2, M3 = cholinergic antagonist
 Bronchodilator of choice for COPD

o Aerosol
 long-acting

A

Tiotropium

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21
Q

Oldest bronchodilator
 Not commonly used in children because very toxic in
children

A

Methylxanthines

22
Q

Examples of Xanthine derivatives found in common food:

A

 Theophylline- tea
 Theobromine- chocolates
 Caffeine- coffee

23
Q

For Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) only, not for bronchial asthma

o PDE-4 (phosphodiesterase type 4) inhibitor o Enhanceshistonedeacetylation

A

Roflumilast

24
Q

4 KNOWN MECHANISM OF ACTION (MOA) OF METHYLXANTHINE:

A

 Inhibits phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE-4)
 Stimulates Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (CAMP)
 Inhibits your adenosine
 Enhances histone deacetylation – especially roflumiflast

25
Q

o Subcutaneousormicro-aerosol
o Bindstoalloftheadrenergicreceptors(α1,α2,β1,β2) o Increaseddosagemaycausetachycardia
 Most potent adrenergic receptor agonist

A

Epinephrine

26
Q

o Oral administration
o Stimulatesmostlyα1receptors
 Acts indirectly to release norepinephrine from nerve
terminals and has some direct action on adrenoceptors  Less potent and has a longer duration of action
compared to epinephrine

A

Ephedrine

27
Q

o Most effective in asthmatic patients when administered
as an inhalant (micro-aerosol)
o Also used as treatment for cardiac arrhythmia
o Relatively nonselective β-receptor (β1/ β2) agonist and a
potent bronchodilator

A

Isoproterenol

28
Q

DOC for bronchial asthma is

Immediate relief of bronchial asthma by inhalation

A

B2 - agonist

29
Q

What drug class?

o Albuterol (American)/Salbutamol (British)
o Terbutaline (parenteral)
o Metaproterenol
o Pirbuterol

A

Short acting b2 agonist.

30
Q

For maintenance of bronchial asthma

A

Long acting b2 agonist

Salmeterol
o Formoterol
o Vilanterol
o Bambuterol o Indacaterol o Olodaterol

31
Q

For allergic rhinitis?

A

Mometasone spray/inhalant:

32
Q

Most commonly used mometasone

A

Fluticasone & Budesonide

33
Q

potent bronchoconstrictors and are
secreted in asthma and anaphylaxis and cause increased microvascular permeability, plasma exudation, and mucus secretion in the airways.
 MOST POPULAR GIVEN IN CHILDREN:

A

LTC4 and LTD4

Montelukast – 10 mg., OD PO
• Zafirlukast – 20 mg., BID PO
• Pranlukast – PO

34
Q

Inhibitor of the enzyme lipoxygenase

A

Anti-5-lipoxygenase-activated-protein aka anti flap

35
Q

Anti flap

Catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotriene
 Very less potent, mataas ang dose, expensive, not so effective

A

zilueton

36
Q

Inhibits mast cell, the one that release Histamine1

A

MAST CELL DEGRANULATOR-INHIBITOR

37
Q

MAST CELL DEGRANULATOR-INHIBITOR

A

Cromolyn (Disodium cromoglycate)

38
Q

PO
o Alter the function of delayed chloride channels in the cell membranes, inhibiting cell activation.
 Appears to be more effective than cromolyn in reducing bronchospasm caused by exercise or cold air

A

Nedocromil sodium

39
Q

o Forallergicrhinitisandbronchialasthma o Subcutaneousinjectionevery2–4weeks An immunization procedure (vaccine) for allergic rhinitis
and bronchial asthma

A

Omalizumab

40
Q

Inhibits T-cell function that secretes your interleukin 5-pro-
eosinophilic cytoplasm?

what is available in ph?

A

Anti-Interleukin-5

Mepolizumab

41
Q

Erythromycin

 Azithromycin – also been using in COVID-19  Clarithromycin

A

macrolides

42
Q

o Nifedipine – Have significantly less direct effect on the
heart than verapamil
o Verapamil–Administeredbyinhalation drug class

A

Calcium channel blockers

43
Q

Opens ATP dependent K+ channels in
smooth muscle, leading to membrane hyperpolarization
and relaxation of airway smooth muscle this is a potassium charnel opener

A

Cromakalim

44
Q

A potent immunosuppressive cyclic polypeptide that binds to cyclophilin and inhibits T-helper cell activation

A

Cyclosporine

45
Q

Inhibitor of TNF-α that binds with greater affinity than membrane receptors

A

Etanercept

46
Q

Local hormone

 Three major autacoids: Histamine, Serotonin, Eicosanoids

A

autacoids

47
Q

H1 versus h2

A

H1: cause allergy

 H2: cause peptic ulcer

48
Q

plays an important role in gastric acid secretion and functions as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator

A

Histamine

49
Q

Bronchoconstriction and contraction of the gut are mediated by H1 receptors. Gastric secretion results from the activation of H2 receptors true or false

A

True

50
Q

Doc migraine headache

A

Sumatriptan

51
Q

Main enzyme of arachidonic pathway

A

phospholipase a2

52
Q

Sub enzymes of arachidonic pathway

A

Cyclooxygenase (COX)
 Produces Prostaglandin & Thromboxane A2
o Lipoxygenase (LOX)
 Produces Leukotrienes

CMED 312 Ophtha module (19 decks)

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