Tranquilizers&Sedatives - Thiazines

Question 1

What is another name for this class of drugs?

Answer 1

Alpha-2 Adrenoceptor Agonists

Question 2

What are three examples of this drugs?

Answer 2

• Xylazine (Rompun)
• Detomidine (Domitor)
• Medetomidine (Dormosedan)

Question 3

What are the two concentrations of xylazine?

Answer 3

• 20 mg/mL

- 100 mg/mL

Question 4

How long do each of the drugs in this class last when administered IV?

Answer 4

• X = 20 - 40 min
• D = 90 - 120 min
• M = 45 - 90 min

Question 5

How are these drugs given to provide regional anesthesia?

Answer 5

Epidurally

Question 6

What are 4 other ways that these drugs can be administered?

Answer 6

• Mucous Membranes
• Broken Skin
• IM
• IV

Question 7

What is the rule of thumb for cattle vs horse dosages at the same weight.

Answer 7

• Cattle are dosed 1/5 to 1/10th of the dose a horse of the same weight

Question 8

What are the good side effects of this class of drugs?

Answer 8

• Analgesia (short duration)
• Sedative
• Muscle relaxation

Question 9

What are the negative effects of this class? (10)

Answer 9

• Detrimental heart effects
• Vomiting in dogs and cats predisposing large breeds to bloat
• Decreased salivation, GI secretions and motility
• Bloat in ruminants
• Diuresis
• Sweating in horses
• Profound sleep (dog, cat, foal, small ruminant)
• Crosses placenta to act like oxytocin
• Can have opposite of desired effect or no effect in excited patients

Question 10

What are the specific effects on the heart?

Answer 10

• Decreased HR
• Cardiac output decreased 30 - 50%
• 1st or 2nd degree heart block
• Initial vasoconstriction w/BP decrease
• Respiratory depression
• Stridor and dyspnea in horses and brachycephalics

Question 11

What are the two antagonists and which drugs do they antagonize?

Answer 11

• Yohimbine –> Xylazine

- Atipamazole –> Medetomidine