Tranquilizers Flashcards
What is the MOA of diazepam?
Enhance effect of inhibitory amino acid: GABA
-regulates postsynaptic chloride channel gating, resulting in an increase in frequency of chloride ion channel opening.
Why is diazepam combined w/ xylazine and ketamine to induce anesthesia in the horse?
Helps w/ effects of ketamine
-Muscle relaxation, smoother induction, can prolong anesthesia
Why is midazolam used in anesthetic protocols in dogs and cats?
Decreased dose of induction drug, minimizes effect on BP, muscle relaxation
Why is flumazenil indicated?
If dog/cat had received midazolam/diazepam and recovery is too low or strange behavior on recovery
What is the primary use for acepromazine?
To tranquilize: depresses hypothalamus and reticular activating system
Pt can override w/ stimulation
What is the primary use of trazodone?
Anxiolytic -behavior and anxiety
Decrease dose of premed
How does trazodone work?
Serotonin receptor antagonist and reuptake inhibitor.
What are two desirable effects of alpha-2 agonists?
Sedation and analgesia
How do alpha-2 agonists work?
Stimulate pre and post alpha-2 adrenoreceptors > decr release of NE > decr sympathetic outflow
What are the effevts of alpha -2s on the cardiovascular system?
Negative CV effects
Bradycardia and bradyarrhythmias
Decreased CO
What are the effects of alpha 2 agonists on the respiratory system?
mild to moderate respiratory depression
What is vatinoxan?
Peripheral alpha 2 antagonist
limited BBB crossing
How can you antagonize the effects of dexmedetomidine?
Atipamezole (antisedan) -alpha -2 antagonist
