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Pharmacology > Injectable Anesthetics > Flashcards

Injectable Anesthetics Flashcards

1
Q

Name 5 injectable anesthetics

A

Thiopental
Propofol
Alfaxalone
Ketamine
Etomidate

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2
Q

How does ketamine differ from other anesthetic drugs?

A

Ketamine does not uniformly depress the CNS, it is selective

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3
Q

What is unique about thiopental?

A

Hangover effect = long half life
Short duration from redistribution away from the CNS

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4
Q

What is the effect of a peri-vascular injection of thiopental?

A

Tissue irritation/necrosis
Alkaline pH

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5
Q

What effect does alfaxalone have on the respiratory system?

A

Respiratory depression
Decr. RR, tidal volume, apnea
Dose dependent

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6
Q

What are the respiratory effects of propofol?

A

Decr. RR, tidal vol. apnea
Dose dependent

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7
Q

What are the respiratory effects of ketamine?

A

Less respiratory depression
Less chance of apnea

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8
Q

What are the effects of ketamine on cardiovascular function?

A

Incr. HR
BP usually maintained or mild decr.
CO maintained
May depress CV function in compromised pt

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9
Q

How does ketamine increase heart rate and blood pressure?

A

Increase sympathetic tone

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10
Q

What are the effects of propofol on cardiovascular function?

A

Hypotension from vasodilation
Not antirrhythmic

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11
Q

Why is ketamine a poor choice to induce an animal with head trauma?

A

May increase cerebral blood flow and ICP. Stimulates limbic system.
Not a concern in normal pts

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12
Q

Why is recovery from anesthesia in dogs so rapid with propofol?

A

It is quickly cleared by liver and extra-hepatic sites

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13
Q

How does liver disease effect propofol recovery?

A

Recovery may be slowed a little but still will be cleared by extra hepatic sites.

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14
Q

What is the effect of prolonged infusion of propofol on recovery in cats?

A

Prolonged recovery
Cats don’t glucoronidate well

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15
Q

What are differences between propofol and ketamine on CNS function?

A

Propofol uniformly depressed the CNS, ketamine depresses some parts and stimulates other parts

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16
Q

What are primary advantages to alfaxalone?

A

IM or SQ
Vasodilation/hypotension < propofol
Used in many small exotics
Does not have the precautions of ketamine

17
Q

What endocrine effect can etomidate have?

A

Can suppress the stress response

18
Q

When is etomidate used to induce general anesthesia in animals?

A

In patient w/ heart failure

19
Q

Which drug should be used cautiously in patients w/ glaucoma?

A

Ketamine:
increases extraocular muscle tone which increased intraocular pressure

20
Q

What are the analgesic properties of ketamine?

A

Suppression of activity in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord
Inhibition of glutamate neurotransmission at the NMDA receptor

21
Q

How can rough and prolonged recoveries from ketamine be avoided?

A

Keep dose low
Combine w/ sedative/tranquilizing drugs (ace/dex)

Pharmacology (17 decks)

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