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Pharmacology > GI Drugs > Flashcards

GI Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Apomorphine MOA

A

Emetic
Dopaminergic receptor agonist (D2) in the CRTZ
Dogs only
Cats do not have D2 receptors in their CRTZ

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2
Q

Maropitant MOA

A

Cerenia
Anti-Emetic
Blocks Substance P from binding to Neurokinin -1 (NK1) receptors in the CRTZ
(NK1 receptors antagonist)
Also acts on NK1 in the GI
Can cause pain during injection

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3
Q

Ondansetron MOA

A

Zofran
Anti-Emetic
5HT3 receptor antagonist
Inhibits serotonin induced stimulation of vagal afferent activity

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4
Q

Omeprazole MOA

A

Gastric Acid Reduction
Proton pump inhibitor
(Proton pumps dumps H+ into lumen of stomach)

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5
Q

Famotidine MOA

A

Gastric Acid Reduction
H2 Receptor antagonist (histamine)

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6
Q

Mirtazapine MOA

A

AKA carpromorelin (Ghrelin agonist)
Appetite Stimulant/(Anti-emetic)
Anti-anxiety/antidepressant in humans
5-HT3 antagonist (serotinergic antagonist)
Adverse effect in cats: Serotonin syndrome: vocalizing, hyperactivity, agitation, tachycardia

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7
Q

Ghrelin MOA

A

Appetite Stimulant
The hunger hormone
Synthetic version: carpromorelin

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8
Q

Gabapentin MOA (GI)

A

Appetite Stimulant
May cause stimulation through reducing stress and anxiety

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9
Q

Metoclopramide MOA

A

GI Motility
Dopamine antagonist

Incr tone/amp of GI contractions
Relax pyloric sphincter
Incr duodenal/jejunal peristalsis (NO COLONIC EFFECT)
Decr time to empty stomach/GI transit time
Decr gastroesophageal reflux

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10
Q

Cisapride MOA

A

GI motility
5HT4 (serotonin) agonist

Stim smooth mm of colon

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11
Q

Prednisolone MOA

A

GI Inflammation
Tx of IBD
Pred most effective for clinical response

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12
Q

Budesonide MOA

A

GI Inflammation
Treatment of IBD
Similar to pred but GI specific, less off target effects
First pass hepatic metabolism

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13
Q

Cobalamin (Vit B12) MOA

A

GI supplement

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14
Q

Clinical Importance of the CRTZ input on emesis

A

Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone
Acting agents: drugs, toxins, pH, metabolites

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15
Q

Clinical Importance of the cerebral cortex input on emesis

A

Acting agents: scary movies, gross visuals, smells, thoughts

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16
Q

Clinical importance of the vestibular nuclei input on emesis

A

Acting agents:
Motion sickness, vestibular disease, inner ear infections

17
Q

Clinical importance of the GI tract input on emesis

A

Acting agents: inflammation, irritation, stimulation, constipation

18
Q

Tx recommendation for a nauseous patient

A

Cerenia and ondansetron together are a powerful pair
Ondansetron might be better for drug induced nausea but more side effects

19
Q

Common GI side effects of opioid use in humans, cats, and dogs

A

Decreases activity of the myenteric plexus
= Constipation
Incr nausea, decr gut motility, decr. secretions, decr peristalsis

20
Q

What is the most appropriate drug fort the treatment of feline constipation?

A

Cisapride

21
Q

How is cobalamin absorbed and what are can cause some problems of malabsorption?

A

In the stomach, cobalamin attaches to R protein which transports it to the small intestine. Cobal binds to intrinsic factor (produced in the pancreas) in the proximal SI then is absorbed in the DISTAL GI > vasculature
Malabsorption: if pancreas does not produce IF or if the distal SI does not absorb

22
Q

What do parietal cells do in the stomach?

A

Add acid to stomach

23
Q

What is the best acid reducer in dogs as per the article?

A

Omeprazole

24
Q

Can you give cyproheptadine and mirtazapine at the same time?

A

Nope

25
Q

Can you give oral diazepam to a cat?
How about diazepam IV?

A

Oral: ABSOLUTELY NOT = LIVER FAILURE
IV: thats ok

26
Q

When is leptin released?

A

By adipose tissue when the appetite is satiated

27
Q

Should a Ghrelin agonist or antagonist increase appetite?

A

Agonist

28
Q

Cisapride is the drug of choice for moving a cat’s colon.

A

Yes.

29
Q

At what doses are glucocorticoids anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive?

A

Low dose: anti-inflammatory
High dose: immunosuppressive

30
Q

How do you stop the vomiting?

A

Cerenia

31
Q

How do you decrease nausea?

A

Omeprazole

32
Q

How do you increase appetite?

A

Mirtazapine/Carpromorelin

Pharmacology (17 decks)

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