Trait Approaches (Chapters 7 and 8)

Question 1

Superfactor for extroversion (GAAP WE)

Answer 1

gregariousness
Assertiveness
activity level
positive emotions
warmth
excitement seeking

Question 2

Superfactor for openness (Faafvi)

Answer 2

fantasy
actions
aesthetics
feelings
values
ideas

Question 3

Superfactor for Agreeableness (STTAM C)

Answer 3

Straightforwardness
trust
tender mindedness
altruism
modesty
compliance

Question 4

Superfactor for conscientiousness (S DACDO )

Answer 4

Self- discipline
Dultifullnesss
achievement striking
Competence
Deliberation
Order

Question 5

Superfactor for neuroticism ( Divaas

Answer 5

depression
impulsiveness
vulnerability
anxiety
angry hostility
self -consciousness

Question 6

traits hierarchy

Answer 6

big 5 ex. extraversion
super facet-warmth
habits-hugging friends

Question 6

what does each big 5 rait predict in everday life

Answer 6

C=predicts longevity, punctuality & good grades in school

O=predicts good performance in in school

A= predicts likeability and not good performane in school

(teacher pet)

E=number of sex patners before 16

low A & C=PREDICTS eliquent behavior

Question 6

temporal stability from age 20-40 & 40 & 60

Answer 6

Stability is lower at ge 20 correlation from 20-40 is 0.50

more stable 40-60 correlation is .70

correlation of traits from the big 5 not changing that much will that person still be high in A from age 20 to age 40 correlation is higher if gets married at age 40

traits more stable at a later age due to social & work environments becoming more stable

Question 7

Development of traits in terms of mean levels during adolescence and adulthood (which
“Big Five” traits go up and which go down and when; gender differences?):

Answer 7

Adolescents: Big dip in A & C for both genders
C drops from 10-11 dropping it’s lowest between 13-15

Girls have a higher A since starting at age 7 now there’s an increase in N for girls due to hormonal & society factors

Question 8

Critique over trait theory

Answer 8

Allport was a critique of the big 5 did not use factor analysis
did not like broad dimensions
like Cattell believe that 5 factors were not enough common traits

big 5 is nomothetic
the missing organization of traits such as cardinal, and central traits , unique

no differentiation between traits

allport believe 5 dimensions was too little
while eysenck though 5 too many

Question 9

Allports 3 traits

Answer 9

Cardinal -dominant think mother teresa

Central-building blocks ex. honesty

Secondary-situation specific ex. embarrassed because i fell down

Question 10

What are traits

Answer 10

Describe traits at different levels

-Traits are structured in hierarchy model similar to mammals

Question 11

Allport & Odbert lexical approach

Answer 11

Allport & odbert searched the dictionary to find descriptive words about personality discovered 18,000 words

divided these words into traits (5,000 states, and activities

Question 12

Cattell & the 16PF

Answer 12

used factor analysis on allport & odbert study to created 16 personality traits 16PF

Could not be replicated

NOTE 5,000 states each 1,000 traits is used on 1 big 5 dimension

Question 13

idiographic approach

Answer 13

& allport like this tries to understand individuals within their own unique context

Question 14

Nomothetic approach:

Answer 14

big 5 is nomothehic cattell like this

Question 15

Eyesenck (pen)

Answer 15

psychoticism (antisocial, delinquent)

Extroversion (sociability)

Neuroticism (emotionally unstable)

Question 16

OCEAN

Answer 16

Openness- open to new ideas, open-minded, new opportunities

conscientiousness- task oriented, planner, attention to detail

extroversion: ,enthusiasm ,energy outgoing

agreeableness-not old, affectionate, altruism

neuroticism- emotionally unstable, tense, anxious

Question 17

NEO-PI-R

Answer 17

a questionnaire developed by Costa and McCrae to measure Neuroticism, extroversion & openness later on added C & A

there are six facets for each dimension