Training Bulletin 090- Fire Burns

Question 1

Steam can cause full thickness burns to unprotected skin with less than ___ seconds of exposure.

Answer 1

3 seconds

Question 2

Tests indicate that exposure to temperatures of only ___- ___ F will cause extreme pain and severe, full thickness burns to all unprotected skin.

Answer 2

280 - 320 degrees

Question 3

Second Degree Burns can occur with exposure to only ___ degrees.

Answer 3

111 degrees

Question 4

Second Degree Burns can occur within ___ seconds of exposure to 131 degrees.

Answer 4

20 seconds

Question 5

Second Degree Burns can occur within one second of exposure to ___ degrees.

Answer 5

158 degrees

Question 6

Firefighter caught in a flashover, just five feet inside a room, will be exposed to temperatures of _____ to ____ F, and direct flame impingement for at least 2 seconds.

Answer 6

1,000 to 1,500 degrees F

Question 7

A _____ is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree fahrenheit.

Answer 7

BTU ( British thermal unit )

Question 8

Water has a Latent Heat of fusion of ___ BTU’s and Latent Heat of vaporization of ___ BTU’s.

Answer 8

143 BTUs

970 BTUs

Question 9

Heat is transferred in three different ways:

Answer 9

1. Radiation
2. Convection
3. Conduction

Question 10

when heat energy is transmitted similar to light waves.

Answer 10

Radiation

Question 11

the transmission, spread, or distribution of heat through the motion of a heated fluid.

Answer 11

Convection

Question 12

This is the primary heat transfer method within structures and is responsible for the majority of fire and smoke spread within structures.

Answer 12

Convection

Question 13

the transfer of heat through matter without any visible motion of that matter. This is the only method of heat transfer through solid objects.

Answer 13

Conduction

Question 14

There are three stages in the development of an interior fire:

Answer 14

1. Growth
2. Fully developed
3. Decay

Question 15

_________ can be identified as the curve occurring near the end of the growth stage. This marks the beginning of the fully developed stage

Answer 15

Flashover

Question 16

Sudden full room or area involvement in flame, or the sudden auto ignition of combustible surfaces and/or gases in an area heated by convection and/or radiation, resulting in a sudden and intense rise in temperature.

Answer 16

Flashover

Question 17

Increasing use of synthetic furnishings that when ignited burn ___ to ___ times hotter and faster than ordinary combustibles making the time temperature curve look more like a spike

Answer 17

2 to 3

Question 18

sudden sporadic generation of flame mixed with smoke at the upper ceiling level just before flashover occurs. It is the last warning for Firefighters to withdraw from the area, if charged lines are not in place and operating effectively.

Answer 18

Roll over

Question 19

Flashover takes place after ________ , at the end of the growth stage of a fire, with full room or area involvement immediately following.

Answer 19

Roll over

Question 20

__________ IS THE MOST DEADLY OF THE FLASH PHENOMENA

Answer 20

Flashover

Question 21

It usually occurs after flashover and is defined as rapid flame spread over one or more surfaces during a fire.

Answer 21

Flame over

Question 22

It may be difficult to identify warning signs of flashover in buildings with large unenclosed floor or attic spaces and ceilings ___ to ___ feet above the floor or joist level.

Answer 22

12 to 20 ft

Question 23

For backdraft to occur, Oxygen content must fall to between ___% and ___%.

Answer 23

11 and 15%

Question 24

There are four construction features that present the greatest danger to Firefighters from collapse:

Answer 24

1. Any type of truss construction
2. Unreinforced masonry construction
3. Any cantilever construction
4. Unprotected steel construction

Question 25

provide a minimum of ___ ladders to every structure and ___ additional ladder for every two member team on the roof.

Answer 25

2 ladders

1 additional