Training Bulletin 090- Fire Burns Flashcards
Steam can cause full thickness burns to unprotected skin with less than ___ seconds of exposure.
3 seconds
Tests indicate that exposure to temperatures of only ___- ___ F will cause extreme pain and severe, full thickness burns to all unprotected skin.
280 - 320 degrees
Second Degree Burns can occur with exposure to only ___ degrees.
111 degrees
Second Degree Burns can occur within ___ seconds of exposure to 131 degrees.
20 seconds
Second Degree Burns can occur within one second of exposure to ___ degrees.
158 degrees
Firefighter caught in a flashover, just five feet inside a room, will be exposed to temperatures of _____ to ____ F, and direct flame impingement for at least 2 seconds.
1,000 to 1,500 degrees F
A _____ is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree fahrenheit.
BTU ( British thermal unit )
Water has a Latent Heat of fusion of ___ BTU’s and Latent Heat of vaporization of ___ BTU’s.
143 BTUs
970 BTUs
Heat is transferred in three different ways:
- Radiation
- Convection
- Conduction
when heat energy is transmitted similar to light waves.
Radiation
the transmission, spread, or distribution of heat through the motion of a heated fluid.
Convection
This is the primary heat transfer method within structures and is responsible for the majority of fire and smoke spread within structures.
Convection
the transfer of heat through matter without any visible motion of that matter. This is the only method of heat transfer through solid objects.
Conduction
There are three stages in the development of an interior fire:
- Growth
- Fully developed
- Decay
_________ can be identified as the curve occurring near the end of the growth stage. This marks the beginning of the fully developed stage
Flashover
Sudden full room or area involvement in flame, or the sudden auto ignition of combustible surfaces and/or gases in an area heated by convection and/or radiation, resulting in a sudden and intense rise in temperature.
Flashover
Increasing use of synthetic furnishings that when ignited burn ___ to ___ times hotter and faster than ordinary combustibles making the time temperature curve look more like a spike
2 to 3
sudden sporadic generation of flame mixed with smoke at the upper ceiling level just before flashover occurs. It is the last warning for Firefighters to withdraw from the area, if charged lines are not in place and operating effectively.
Roll over
Flashover takes place after ________ , at the end of the growth stage of a fire, with full room or area involvement immediately following.
Roll over
__________ IS THE MOST DEADLY OF THE FLASH PHENOMENA
Flashover
It usually occurs after flashover and is defined as rapid flame spread over one or more surfaces during a fire.
Flame over
It may be difficult to identify warning signs of flashover in buildings with large unenclosed floor or attic spaces and ceilings ___ to ___ feet above the floor or joist level.
12 to 20 ft
For backdraft to occur, Oxygen content must fall to between ___% and ___%.
11 and 15%
There are four construction features that present the greatest danger to Firefighters from collapse:
- Any type of truss construction
- Unreinforced masonry construction
- Any cantilever construction
- Unprotected steel construction
provide a minimum of ___ ladders to every structure and ___ additional ladder for every two member team on the roof.
2 ladders
1 additional
