Training adaptations to strength/power - muscle 3 Flashcards
Define muscle hyperplasia
Longitudinal splitting and lateral budding been seen.
Powerlifters have reported to have more muscle fibres. TRUE or FALSE?
TRUE
What change/feature from hyperplasia in the single muscle fibre is seen with a biopsy?
“Feathering”
In humans, is hyperplasia or hypertrophy more important?
Hypertrophy
Skeletal muscles are dynamic tissues whos cells do not remain as a fixed population throughout life. TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
How do muscles alter their phenotypic profile?
Undergo regeneration and remodeling to diverse functional demands.
What do satellite cells do?
Donate material for the change to nucleus, so that new tissue has more e.g strength.
Activation of muscle via specific types and intensities of long-term use stimulates what type of cell to proliferate and differentiate?
Dormant Myogenic stem cells
List the fast twitch fibre’s in order from highest force rating to lowest.
IIx, IIax, IIa, IIac, IIc.
List the slow twitch fibre’s in order from highest force rating to lowest (lowest endurance to highest endurance)
Ic, I.
What muscle fibre transition happens with resistance training?
Transition from IIx to IIa - More force to be produced over time.
What is a positive and a negative of type IIx fibre?
Positive = stronger. Negative = High fatigability renders less useful, and recruited last.
TRUE or FALSE? Detraining causes a pattern back to IIx fibres.
TRUE
Is there evidence of transitions between types I and II?
NO
What determines a muscles functional capacity?
The ratio of fibre types in the muscle.
What athletes have a larger % of type 1 fibres?
Endurance athletes
What athletes have a larger % of type II fibres?
Strength/power athletes
What muscular adaptations do you see in the first 6 weeks of resistance training?
Increased:
- myofibrillar volume
- cytoplasmic density
- sarcoplasmic reticulum and t-tubule density
- sodium/potassium ATPase activity.
What other muscular adaptation is seen from sprint training?
enhances calcium release
What happens to the mitochondrial density as an adaptation to training?
Reduces
Why do we see a decreased capillary density with heavy training?
Due to muscle hypertrophy. Same amount but being spread amongst greater CSA.
What sort of training will increase capillary density?
High volume
What happens to the buffering capacity, the high energy phosphate stores and muscle glycogen as an adaptation to resistance training?
All increase.
TRUE or FALSE? a muscular adaptation includes changes in muscle substrate content and enzyme activity.
TRUE
