Intro and muscle anatomy - term 1

Question 1

Why is conditioning purely through strength training been criticized?

Answer 1

• Focus on max strength gains.
• Concentric muscle action
• Utilise isolated muscle groups
• Uni planar movement

Question 2

Integrated training focuses on functional strength which is the body’s ability to…

Answer 2

• produce force
• reduce force
• dynamically stabilize

Question 3

Define neuromuscular efficiency

Answer 3

CNS ability to coordinate muscle groups during activity.

Question 4

What is the stretch shortening cycle (ssc)

Answer 4

Stretch reflex stored potential energy.

Question 5

What is the structure and organisation of the skeletal muscle starting from the whole muscle?

Answer 5

Muscle —>Fascicles —>Individual muscle fibres —> Myofibrils —>actin and myosin

Question 6

What is at the neuromuscular junction?

Answer 6

Axon terminals, motor end plates and schwann cell sheaths.

Question 7

What does the motor end plate contain high concentration of?

Answer 7

ACh receptors

Question 8

What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 8

A fluid filled membrane that encircles each myofibril.

Question 9

What does the sarcoplasmic reticulum store?

Answer 9

Ca2+

Question 10

How many actin filaments encircle the thicker myosin filament?

Answer 10

Six

Question 11

What does Ca2+ bind to when it’s levels increase in cytosol?

Answer 11

Troponin

Question 12

What does the troponin-Ca2+ complex do?

Answer 12

Pulls tropomyosin away from G-actin binding site

Question 13

When tropomyosin is pulled away what happens then?

Answer 13

Myosin binds to actin and completes power stroke

Question 14

When concentric action is carried out too fast, why does this reduce force?

Answer 14

Actin past myosin too quick, less time for cross bridges to form.

Question 15

What happens to maximal power due to faster speeds of contraction?

Answer 15

Decreases

Question 16

Does Fast twitch or slow twitch fibres have greater power?

Answer 16

Fast twitch

Question 17

Why do fast twitch produce more force?

Answer 17

Because they contain more cross-bridges per cross sectional area

Question 18

What does the extent of control of a muscle depend on?

Answer 18

The number of muscle fibers within each motor unit.

Question 19

What does the order of recruitment of muscle fibres depend on?

Answer 19

Exercise intensity and fibre type

Question 20

What are muscle spindles?

Answer 20

Proprioceptors that consist of several modified muscle fibres enclosed in a sheath of connective tissue

Question 21

What does the muscle spindle do when a muscle is stretched to cause the muscle to contract?

Answer 21

activates the sensory neuron, which sends an impulse to the spinal cord, where it synapses with a motor neuron.

Question 22

What does the sensory neuron of the GTO activate?

Answer 22

An inhibitory interneuron in the spinal cord which in turn synapses with and inhibits a motor neuron serving the same muscle.

Question 23

What is the overall outcome of the GTO?

Answer 23

The muscle relaxes and protects the muscle from damage.

Question 24

What can resistance training do to the GTO?

Answer 24

Desensitize it