TRAIN Virginia 1

Question 1

Public Health

Answer 1

• Science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through organized efforts and informed choices of communities and individuals.
• Focuses on groups of people rather than individuals.
• Provides people the right to be healthy and live in places that support healthy living.

Question 2

Clinical Care

Answer 2

• Prevention, treatment, and management of illness and preservation of mental/physical wellbeing through healthcare

Question 3

Determinant

Answer 3

• Factors that contribute to the generation of a trait

Question 4

Epidemic/Outbreak

Answer 4

• Illness that occurs in a community/region that is in excess of expectancy.
• Epidemic is usually a larger population than outbreak

Question 5

Health Outcome

Answer 5

• Results of a medical condition that directly affects the length of a persons quality of life.

Question 6

Intervention

Answer 6

• Action or ministration that intends to alter the course of a pathologic process

Question 7

Pandemic

Answer 7

• Disease that attacks the population of an extensive region, country, or continent.

Question 8

Population Health

Answer 8

• Approach to health that aims to improve the health of an entire population

Question 9

Prevention

Answer 9

• Action to avoid or circumvent a happening, conclusion, or phenomenon

Question 10

Public Health Goals

Answer 10

• Prepare for disaster responses
• Pandemics (HIV, Influenza)
• Sanitation and Environment
• Prevention through policy

Question 11

Public Health Issues

Answer 11

Surveillance
- What is the problem

Risk Factor Identification
- What is the cause

Intervention Evaluation
- What works?

Implementation
- How do you do it?

Question 12

Key Terms

Answer 12

Surveillance
- Used to monitor a public health situation

Epidemiology
- Determines where diseases originate, how they move through populations, and how they are prevented

Informatics
- Uses electronic data collection methods to address public health situations

Prevention Effectiveness
- Provides economic information so decision makers can make the best choices

Question 13

Core Functions of Public Health

Answer 13

Assessment
- Systematically collect, analyze, and make available information on healthy communities. (Know what needs to be done)

Policy Development
- Promote use of scientific knowledge base in policy and decision making (Being part of the solution to get it done)

Assurance
- Ensure provisions of services to those in need (making sure what needs to get done is done)

Question 14

10 Essential Public Health Services

Answer 14

1 - Monitor Health
2 - Diagnose and Investigate
3 - Inform, Educate, Empower
4 - Mobilize Community Partnership
5 - Develop Policies
6 - Enforce Laws
7 - Provide Care
8 - Assure a Competent Workforce
9 - Evaluate
10 - Research

Question 15

Non-Governmental Organizations

Answer 15

NGO - Non-governmental organizations
- Play a major role in public health

Examples
- American Public Health Organization
- American Cancer Society
- American Nonsmokers Rights

Question 16

Public Health vs Healthcare

Answer 16

• Population vs Individual

Question 17

Other Partners of Public Health

Answer 17

Social Media
- Used for health communication

Employers/Businesses
- Can provide health insurance and wellness initiatives

Government Agencies
- CDC
- Sidewalks/Bike Paths to support safe exercise

Academia

Question 18

Health Determinants

Answer 18

• Genes
• Health Behaviors (eating habits)
• Social/Societal Characteristics \
• Healthcare Services or Medical Care

Question 19

Prevention Effectiveness

Answer 19

• Systematic Assessment of impact of public health policies, programs, and practices on health outcomes by determining their effectiveness, safety, and cost.
• Attempts to link interventions with health outcomes.

Question 20

Prevention Strategies Steps

Answer 20

Basic Research
- Is prevention possible

Applied Research
- Can prevention work (efficacy)
- Random controlled trials

Community Demonstrations
- Does prevention work? (effectiveness)

Implementation
- Is it continuing to work?

Question 21

Problem Identification

Answer 21

• Any health related situation in which a policy solution or management decision can be applied

Question 22

Prevention Effectiveness Costs

Answer 22

Direct Costs
- Medications, medical devices, computer software/equipment, research and development, inpatient care

Indirect Costs
- Time, productivity (such as patients not working due to being at the hospital)
- Change in productivity due to change in person’s health status

Intangible Costs
- Physical pain and suffering
- Emotional Anxiety

Opportunity Costs (Economic)
- Costs reflect what can be gained such as time. What opportunities are lost due to choosing a particular intervention strategy.

Question 23

Cost Analysis

Answer 23

• Considers total costs of a program

Question 24

Cost Effectiveness Analysis

Answer 24

• Compares the cost of a program to how effective the program will be

Question 25

Cost Utility Analysis

Answer 25

- Estimates cost effectiveness of an intervention by considering life in years.

Question 26

Cost Benefit Analysis

Answer 26

- Used when using a single dollar amount to evaluate multiple options.

Question 27

Public Health Informatics

Answer 27

- Systematic application of information, computer science, and technology to public health practice.

Question 28

Public Health Surveillance

Answer 28

- Provides information that can be used for health action by public health personnel, government leaders, and the public to guide public health policy and programs.

Question 29

Passive/Active Surveillance

Answer 29

Passive Surveillance - Most common where healthcare providers report diseases Active Surveillance - Used during outbreak investigations or diseases with special interests. Has more complete reporting.