TRAIN Virginia 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Public Health

A
  • Science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through organized efforts and informed choices of communities and individuals.
  • Focuses on groups of people rather than individuals.
  • Provides people the right to be healthy and live in places that support healthy living.
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2
Q

Clinical Care

A
  • Prevention, treatment, and management of illness and preservation of mental/physical wellbeing through healthcare
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3
Q

Determinant

A
  • Factors that contribute to the generation of a trait
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4
Q

Epidemic/Outbreak

A
  • Illness that occurs in a community/region that is in excess of expectancy.
  • Epidemic is usually a larger population than outbreak
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5
Q

Health Outcome

A
  • Results of a medical condition that directly affects the length of a persons quality of life.
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6
Q

Intervention

A
  • Action or ministration that intends to alter the course of a pathologic process
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7
Q

Pandemic

A
  • Disease that attacks the population of an extensive region, country, or continent.
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8
Q

Population Health

A
  • Approach to health that aims to improve the health of an entire population
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9
Q

Prevention

A
  • Action to avoid or circumvent a happening, conclusion, or phenomenon
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10
Q

Public Health Goals

A
  • Prepare for disaster responses
  • Pandemics (HIV, Influenza)
  • Sanitation and Environment
  • Prevention through policy
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11
Q

Public Health Issues

A

Surveillance
- What is the problem

Risk Factor Identification
- What is the cause

Intervention Evaluation
- What works?

Implementation
- How do you do it?

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12
Q

Key Terms

A

Surveillance
- Used to monitor a public health situation

Epidemiology
- Determines where diseases originate, how they move through populations, and how they are prevented

Informatics
- Uses electronic data collection methods to address public health situations

Prevention Effectiveness
- Provides economic information so decision makers can make the best choices

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13
Q

Core Functions of Public Health

A

Assessment
- Systematically collect, analyze, and make available information on healthy communities. (Know what needs to be done)

Policy Development
- Promote use of scientific knowledge base in policy and decision making (Being part of the solution to get it done)

Assurance
- Ensure provisions of services to those in need (making sure what needs to get done is done)

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14
Q

10 Essential Public Health Services

A

1 - Monitor Health
2 - Diagnose and Investigate
3 - Inform, Educate, Empower
4 - Mobilize Community Partnership
5 - Develop Policies
6 - Enforce Laws
7 - Provide Care
8 - Assure a Competent Workforce
9 - Evaluate
10 - Research

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15
Q

Non-Governmental Organizations

A

NGO - Non-governmental organizations
- Play a major role in public health

Examples
- American Public Health Organization
- American Cancer Society
- American Nonsmokers Rights

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16
Q

Public Health vs Healthcare

A
  • Population vs Individual
17
Q

Other Partners of Public Health

A

Social Media
- Used for health communication

Employers/Businesses
- Can provide health insurance and wellness initiatives

Government Agencies
- CDC
- Sidewalks/Bike Paths to support safe exercise

Academia

18
Q

Health Determinants

A
  • Genes
  • Health Behaviors (eating habits)
  • Social/Societal Characteristics \
  • Healthcare Services or Medical Care
19
Q

Prevention Effectiveness

A
  • Systematic Assessment of impact of public health policies, programs, and practices on health outcomes by determining their effectiveness, safety, and cost.
  • Attempts to link interventions with health outcomes.
20
Q

Prevention Strategies Steps

A

Basic Research
- Is prevention possible

Applied Research
- Can prevention work (efficacy)
- Random controlled trials

Community Demonstrations
- Does prevention work? (effectiveness)

Implementation
- Is it continuing to work?

21
Q

Problem Identification

A
  • Any health related situation in which a policy solution or management decision can be applied
22
Q

Prevention Effectiveness Costs

A

Direct Costs
- Medications, medical devices, computer software/equipment, research and development, inpatient care

Indirect Costs
- Time, productivity (such as patients not working due to being at the hospital)
- Change in productivity due to change in person’s health status

Intangible Costs
- Physical pain and suffering
- Emotional Anxiety

Opportunity Costs (Economic)
- Costs reflect what can be gained such as time. What opportunities are lost due to choosing a particular intervention strategy.

23
Q

Cost Analysis

A
  • Considers total costs of a program
24
Q

Cost Effectiveness Analysis

A
  • Compares the cost of a program to how effective the program will be
25
Q

Cost Utility Analysis

A
  • Estimates cost effectiveness of an intervention by considering life in years.
26
Q

Cost Benefit Analysis

A
  • Used when using a single dollar amount to evaluate multiple options.
27
Q

Public Health Informatics

A
  • Systematic application of information, computer science, and technology to public health practice.
28
Q

Public Health Surveillance

A
  • Provides information that can be used for health action by public health personnel, government leaders, and the public to guide public health policy and programs.
29
Q

Passive/Active Surveillance

A

Passive Surveillance
- Most common where healthcare providers report diseases

Active Surveillance
- Used during outbreak investigations or diseases with special interests. Has more complete reporting.

30
Q
A