Traffic Pattern and Landings Flashcards
If ____ indications or an _____ occurs in the traffic pattern, immediately execute a stall recovery
stall/excessive sink rate
Adjust all traffic patterns for ___ ___ conditions
known wind
A 3° glidepath positions the aircraft at ___ AGL on __ mile final
300/1
Usually an aimpoint of ___ to ___ feet past the threshold is sufficient to provide a margin of safety and still ensure adequate runway remaining for rollout
100/200
The transition portion of the landing involves both a ___ ___ and a ______
power reduction/pitch change
For landing 150 to 1,000 feet down the runway, the aircraft should cross the threshold at approximately __ to __ feet off the ground and __ to __ knots below final approach speed
- 5-10
- 5-10
If your glidepath is steeper than normal, how will your transition to landing be different?
You will require a greater pitch change than normal to arrest the descent
What should you do with your power when coming in below a 3º glideslope?
Hold power until normal transition line is established
If an excessive sink rate develops during the transition to landing, what should you do?
Execute a stall recovery
_________ during a landing or touch-and-go may place the aircraft in an unrecoverable skid
Unintentional NWS activation
What is the approximate speed reduction from final approach speed to landing speed?
25 knots
Heavyweight aircraft will tend to bleed off airspeed ___ when pilot reduces power, therefore power reduction needs to be ___
- faster
- slower
A standard 2.5º to 3º PAPI/VASI glideslope will cause your aimpoint to be approximately ___ feet beyond the runway threshold
750
When flying a PAPI/VASI glideslop all the way down to the flare, expect to land up to ___ feet down the runway
2,000
For a normal straight in, slow to 240 knots or less approximately ___ miles from touchdown or on an extended straight-in or on ___
- 10-15
- base
Avoid slowing to less than final turn airspeed until when?
Established on final
What is normal final approach AOA?
Approximately 0.6
On a straight in, slow to 240 knots or less on __ or approzimately __ to __ miles from touchdown
base
10-15
On a straight in, what is your minimum airspeed until established on final?
Final turn airspeed
What is the normal break zone?
Approach end to 3,000’ down the runway
Goin into the break when you are 45° off from another aircraft ensures ____ foot spacing
3,000
Goin into the break when you are abeam another aircraft ensures ____ foot spacing
6,000
What is the allowable airspeed range when rolling out of a break turn?
Below 240 and no less than final turn airspeed
At what minimum airspeed can you request a closed pullup?
220 KCAS
At what minimum airspeed can you begin a closed pullup?
240 KCAS
What is the minimum airspeed during the closed pull-up?
200 KCAS
What is normal no-wind spacing for a 1,500 AGL traffic pattern?
1 to 1.25 miles
What two things must you confirm prior to initiating the final turn?
Landing gear down and locked, flaps have travelled a sufficient amount (60%) to ensure no asymmetry exists
What is the normal rollout point from the final turn in distance/altitude?
300-375 feet AGL/1-1.25 NM from the threshold
Where should you move the perch point in relation to winds to adjust for them?
Move the perch point into the wind
Where should another T-38 be in the final turn to ensure 3,000 ft spacing?
2/3 through the final turn
Where should another T-38 be in the final turn to ensure 6,000 ft spacing?
Abeam
What AOB is the final turn flown at?
45°
What AOA should you maintain throughout the final turn?
0.6 AOA (green donut)
During the final turn, when can you allow airspeed to decrease to final approach airspeed?
After initiating rollout onto final
What are 2 visual references for pitch during a normal-flap final turn?
2/3 ground 1/3 sky and corner of HUD on the horizon
Where will the FPM be during a normal-flap final turn?
6-9° NL
Halfway around the final turn, how much altitude should you have lost?
Half of the altitude between pattern altitude and rollout altitude (halfway down, halfway around)
What is VVI in the final turn?
2,000 fpm descent
What is VVI on final?
700-900 fpm descent
What should you see in the HUD if you have proper aimpoint and 3° glidepath?
FPM on threshold crossing the 3° line on the HUD
Where does your aimpoint lie in the HUD during a normal 3 °approach?
Middle of front windscreen or top of HUD combining glass
How should final approach speed be adjusted during gusty winds?
1/2 the gust factor up to 10 knots
When landing on alternate sides of the runway, position the runway centerline between what 2 things?
Main landing gear and wingtip (ex. Left main landing gear and left wingtip when landing on right side)
What pitch range should you aerobrake at?
10-12° NH
When should you lower the nosewheel to the runway during an aerobrake?
Just prior to the loss of stabilator authority
During rollout keep the stick __ __ to improve wheel brake effectiveness
full aft
Maintain directional control with ___ and ___ until you reach taxi speed, then use ___
- rudder/differential
- braking/NWS
What two conditions must be met to cross to the cold side?
Speed under control, sufficient spacing to prevent a conflict
Procedure for a touch and go landing
- Advance power to MIL
- Smoothly lower nose to takeoff atittude
- Keep noswheel off runway
- Check engine instruments and accelerate to takeoff speed
For touch and goes during high density altitude operations, keep flaps at 60% until reaching ___ KCAS
200
During a crosswind landing, crab is maintained until when?
Touchdown
When the crosswind component exceeds 15 knots, plan to touch down on the ___ side of the runway
upwind
For full-stop landings when the crosswind component exceeds 15 knots, maintain landing atittude and do not ___
aerobrake
Crosswind landing techniques (no aerobrake) may increase landing distance by how much?
Approximately 50%
Why are no-flap overheads flown?
To maximize no-flap landing training
During an actual emergency requiring a no-flap approach, what kind of approach should be flown?
Straight-in
What is no-flap no-wind downwind spacing?
1.5 miles
Is the desired rollout point for a no-flap pattern the same as a normal?
Yes
What are 2 visual references for pitch during a no-flap final turn?
1/2 ground 1/2 sky, horizon on top portion of the combining glass
Where will the FPM be during a no-flap final turn?
4-6° NL
What are two things will you do differently after you roll out on a no-flap approach to capture final approach speed?
Larger power pull and more stick travel in pitch to arrest the sink rate
For a no-wind no-flap approach, where should your aimpoint be?
1/3 up from bottom of front windscreen or same height as the top of the AOA indexer
What are your two main considerations for a no-flap landing during the roundout and flare?
Earlier power pull and more aft stick travel to arrest sink rate
No-Flap landing distance is approximately ___ the landing distance of a normal landing
twice
What is the minimum RPM for a simulated failed engine during a single-engine approach?
60%
What is flap setting for single-engine approaches?
60%
For a single-engine full stop landing, landing distance will be approximately ___ feet longer
500
What an important consideration for a single-engine touch and go?
Use both engines for the touch and go
If you need to perform a real-world go around during a practice single-engine approach, use ___ ___
both engines
During high pressure altitudes or high temperatures, what should you consider when performing single-engine approaches?
Configure just prior to intercepting the glidelsope
If a single-engine go around is practiced from an overhead pattern, use __ __ until rolling out on final
both engines
Once a single-engine go is complete, what is the procedure for transitioning back to using both engines?
Advance simulated inop engine to MIL before bringing good engine out of MAX
In the final turn, a VVI in excess of ____ fpm is an indication of excessive sink rate
4,000
On final, a VVI in excess of ____ fpm is an indication of excessive sink rate
2,000
When does ground rush occur?
300 to 500 AGL
What should you do any time you encounter excessive sink rate in the traffic pattern?
Immediately execute a stall recovery, disregard ground track
At what AOA does the “definite increase in buffet” occur?
0.8 AOA
What are the three stall indications you will execute stall recovery procedures on in the pattern?
Definite increase in buffet, aural/HUD/MFD stall warning, and excessive sink rate
During a stall recovery excess thrust should be used for ___ __ ___ not increasing airspeed
establishing a climb
During a prounounced balloon, bounce or high flare, what should you do?
Perform a go-around
What should you do if you find yourself in a porpoise?
Freeze the control stick slightly aft of neutral and select MAX for a go-around
What are the three steps for a go-around from the final (landing) phase?
- Advance power to MIL
- Accelerate to final approach airspeed
- Retract the landing gear when you are SURE touchdown will not occur
What is the primary hazard during a go-around from the final turn?
Overspeeding gear and/or flaps
T/F MIL power is always required for a go-around from the final turn
F
T/F it is permissible to break out from the final turn
F
What is a consideration if you are overshooting a no-flap final turn?
Roll flaps to 60% while initiating the go-around
What two steps need to be performed during an alternate gear extension?
- Ensure alternate release handle is fully stowed
2. Reset system by moving gear handle down/up/down
